Organotin antifouling polymers

Organotin Antifouling Polymers Synthesis and Properties of New Copolymers With Pendent... 

ORGANOTIN ANTIFOULING POLYMERS SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF NEW COPOLYMERS WITH PENDENT ORGANOTIN MOITIES... 

Antifouling performance of these organotin carboxylate polymers indicates that their mode of action corresponds to the bulk abiotic bond cleavage model proposed by Castelli and Yeager (8). The controlling factors to be considered here are ... 

Antifouling performance of organotin carboxylate polymers show that their mode of action corresponds to the "bulk abiotic bond cleavage" model. All the controlling factors are analyzed. 

The mode of action of the antifouling polymers thus conforms to the bulk abiotic bond cleavage model. All the controlling factors, viz., diffusion of water into the polymer matrix, hydrolysis of the tributyltin carboxylate, diffusion of tributyltin species from the matrix to the surface, phase transfer of the organotin species, and its migration across the boundary layer, are analyzed. It is found that the transport of the mobile tributyltin species in the matrix is the rate limiting factor. 

The advantages claimed for organotin polymer-based antifouling paints include constant toxicant deHvery vs time, erosion rate and toxicant deHvery are controUable, no depleted paint residue to remove and dispose, 100% utilization of toxicant, polishing at high erosion rates, surface is self-cleaning, and function is continuously reactivated. 

Messiha, N.N. and N.E. Ikladious. 1986. Antifouling performance of some new organotin polymers in the Mediterranean and Red Sea. Jour. Controlled Release 3 235-242. 

Vallee-Rehel, K., Langlois, V., Guerin, P. Contribution of pedant ester group hydrolysis to the erosion of acrylic polymers in binders aimed at organotin-free antifouling paints. Journal of Environmental Polymer Degradation, 6(4)... 

Conventional Systems. In the conventional antifouling compositions, the organotin compound (TBTO, TBTF, TBTC1, TBTOAc) is mechanically mixed into the paint vehicle. When the TBT species is completely soluble in the polymer matrix, factors (a) and (b) become unimportant in most cases. The mobile species is already present its diffusion in the matrix, phase transfer and migration across the boundary layer into the ocean environment may be represented by Figure 2a. When the organotin compound forms a dispersed second phase, rate of its dissolution in the polymer matrix becomes another factor to consider. 

Tributyltm species, especially (Bu3Sn)20 and tributyltin phosphate and naphthenate, have been used in wood preservation as fungicides and as biocides for destructive insects. Tributyltins (and to a lesser extent, triphenyltins) have been used in marine antifoulant paints due to their broad range activity. The use of organotin polymers in which the... 

Film-forming biocidal polymers useful in marine antifouling compositions selected from trialkyltin groups chemically bound to homo- and copolymeric chains of organotin acrylate were prepared by various methods such as (1) the polymerization of trialkyltin acrylate or methacrylate monomers, (2) chemical modification of functionalized polymer as P(S-MA) with bis(tributyltm) oxide, (3) grafting or blending of the polymers, e.g., PVC, with trialkyltin acrylate (Scheme 3.23) [262]. 

Kochkin, D. A., Dependence of Antifouling and Physicochemical Properties of Organotin (-lead) Monomers and Polymers on Chemical Structure (Including cis- and trans-isomerism), Obrastanie Biokorroz. Vodn. Srede 1981 164/9 C.A. 96 [1982] No. 99242. 

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