Polymers cationic surfactants

Fig. 15.9 Schematic view of the procedure to fabricate the polymer cationic surfactant/SWCNT composite (Reproduced from Ref. [130] with kind permission The American Chemicrd Society)...

Conditioning agents (e.g., silicones, cationic polymers, cationic surfactants, oils) 0-8... 

Amiel et al. [85, 86] investigated the formation of ternary complexes of a water soluble epichlorohydrin-linked f-CD polymer, cationic surfactant dodecyltrimethy-lammonium bromide (DTAB), and a polyanion sodium salt dextran sulfate (NaDxS) by viscometry and small angle neutron scattering. They proposed a structure of polyion complexes between NaDxS and the supramolecular polycation formed from fi-CD polymer and DTAB. More recently, Amiel et al. [87] have characterized in detail the supramolecular polycation. 

Researches have decorated CNT with CHT by surface deposition and crosslinking processes. In this method, the CHT macromolecules as polymer cationic surfactants were adsorbed onto the CNT surface. In this step, a stable dispersion of CNT was formed in an acidic aqueous solution of CHT. The pH value of the system was increased by ammonia solution, and so the CHT could no longer remain in solution. Consequently, the precipitated CHT was deposited on the surface of CNT to form a CHT coating. Finally, the surface-deposited CHT was crosslinked to CNT by glutaraldehyde, for potential applications of this composite in biosensing, gene and drug delivery. 

Our starting point is again with unfavorable systems in which hydrophobic forces of attraction must overcome the forces of electrostatic repulsion between a polymer and a surfactant with a like sign of charge, as in the combinahon cationic cellulosic polymer/ cationic surfactant. Measuring (109) the /1//3 ratio of dissolved pyrene as a function of surfactant (DTAB) concentration, at a constant level of polymer, showed no apparent... 

Chandar, R, P. Somasundaran, and N. Turro (1988). Fluorescence probe investigation of anionic polymer-cationic surfactant mtemctions. Macromolecules 21(4) 950-953. 

Tarazona A, Kreisig S, Koglin E and Schwuger M J 1997 Adsorption properties of two cationic surfactant classes on silver surfaces studied by means of SERS spectroscopy and ab initio calculations Prog. Colloid Polym. Sol. 103 181-92... 

Three generations of latices as characterized by the type of surfactant used in manufacture have been defined (53). The first generation includes latices made with conventional (/) anionic surfactants like fatty acid soaps, alkyl carboxylates, alkyl sulfates, and alkyl sulfonates (54) (2) nonionic surfactants like poly(ethylene oxide) or poly(vinyl alcohol) used to improve freeze—thaw and shear stabiUty and (J) cationic surfactants like amines, nitriles, and other nitrogen bases, rarely used because of incompatibiUty problems. Portiand cement latex modifiers are one example where cationic surfactants are used. Anionic surfactants yield smaller particles than nonionic surfactants (55). Often a combination of anionic surfactants or anionic and nonionic surfactants are used to provide improved stabiUty. The stabilizing abiUty of anionic fatty acid soaps diminishes at lower pH as the soaps revert to their acids. First-generation latices also suffer from the presence of soap on the polymer particles at the end of the polymerization. Steam and vacuum stripping methods are often used to remove the soap and unreacted monomer from the final product (56). 

H. W. Bewersdorff and D. Ohlendorf. The behaviour of drag-reducing cationic surfactant solutions. Colloid Polymer Sci, 266(10) 941-953, October 1988. 

Cationic Surfactants Organic Chemistry, edited by James M. Richmond Alkylene Oxides and Their Polymers, F. E. Bailey, Jr, and Joseph V. Koleske Interfacial Phenomena in Petroleum Recovery, edited by Norman R. Morrow Cationic Surfactants Physical Chemistry, edited by Donn N. Rubingh and Paul M. Holland... 

CE has been used for the analysis of anionic surfactants [946,947] and can be considered as complementary to HPLC for the analysis of cationic surfactants with advantages of minimal solvent consumption, higher efficiency, easy cleaning and inexpensive replacement of columns and the ability of fast method development by changing the electrolyte composition. Also the separation of polystyrene sulfonates with polymeric additives by CE has been reported [948]. Moreover, CE has also been used for the analysis of polymeric water treatment additives, such as acrylic acid copolymer flocculants, phosphonates, low-MW acids and inorganic anions. The technique provides for analyst time-savings and has lower detection limits and improved quantification for determination of anionic polymers, compared to HPLC. 

Isocyanide polymers functionalized with amino acid groups, typically di-or tripeptides containing histidine or serine, give enantioselective deacylation and rate enhancements. Their activity is increased by addition of cationic surfactants (Visser et al., 1985). 

Tb clarify the effect of addition of a cationic HC surfactant on phase separation behavior in the mixed monolayers of anionic HC and FC surfactants polyion complexed with cationic polymers, the mixed monolayers containing three amphiphilic components complexed with PVA were transferred on various substrate plates and studied by AFM, FFM, SSPM, and SIMS. As a cationic surfactant, ODTMAC was examined. 

Poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), 10 665, 673-674 13 540, 542-543, 731. See also Ethylene oxide polymers association reactions of, 10 682 behavior in solution, 10 685 commercial block copolymers, 7 648t crystallinity of, 10 690 as a flocculating agent, 11 630-631 low molecular weight, 14 259 oxidation of, 10 682 in paper manufacture, IS 117 preparation of, 20 462 Polyethylene oxide chains, in cationic surfactants, 24 147... 

This technique has been applied to the determination of heteroaromatic compounds, anthropogenic hydrocarbons, polymers, haloaromatic compounds in soils, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, cationic surfactants and polychlorobiphenyls and mixtures of organic compounds in non-saline sediments and bacteria identification in sludges. 

A. Asnacios, D. Langevin, and J.-F. Argillier Complexation of Cationic Surfactant and Anionic Polymer at the Air-Water Interface. Macromolecules 29, 7412 (1996). 

Fontell K, Khan A, Lindstrom B, Maciejewska D, Puangngern S (1991) Phase-Equilibria and Structures in Ternary-Systems of a Cationic Surfactant (C16tabr or (C16ta)2so4), Alcohol, and Water. Colloid Polym Sci 269 727-742 Israelachvili JN, Mitchell DJ, Ninham BW (1977) Theory of Self-Assembly of Lipid Bilayers and Vesicles. Biochim Biophys Acta 470 185-201... 

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