POLYMERIC DISINFECTANT

Polymers exhibiting quaternary nitrogen functionalities have commonly been used as biocidal agents [13-21], A number of polymeric disinfectants containing quaternary pyridinium groups, either in the backbone or as pendent groups, have been prepared and exhibit good antibacterial activity. 

This preservative is also comparatively new to ophthalmic formulations and has been used as a disinfectant in contact lens solutions. Polyaminopropyl biguanide (polyhexamethyl biguanide) also is a polymeric compound that has a low toxicity potential at the concentrations generally used in these solutions [141, 149, 150]. 

Silver and mercury salts have a long history of use as antibacterial agents.241-243 The use of mercurochrome ((40), Figure 18) as a topical disinfectant is now discouraged. Silver sulfadiazene (38) finds use for treatment of severe burns the polymeric material slowly releases the antibacterial Ag+ ion. Silver nitrate is still used in many countries to prevent ophthalmic disease in newborn children.244 The mechanism of action of Ag and Hg is through slow release of the active metal ion—inhibition of thiol function in bacterial cell walls gives a rationale for the specificity of bacteriocidal action. 

Uses Chlorinating agent industrial deodorant, disinfectant intermediate for amino acids, drugs and insecticides polymerization catalyst stabilizer for vinyl chloride polymers household laundry bleach water treatment organic synthesis. 

Uses. Chlorinating agent disinfectant laundry bleach in water treatment intermediate for drugs insecticides polymerization catalyst... 

Soap - [SOAP] (Vol 22) -centrifugal separation of [SEPARATION - CENTRIFUGAL SEPARATION] (Vol21) -disinfectant and antiseptic m (DISINFECTANTS AND ANTISEPTICS] (Vol 8) -m emulsion polymerization [STYRENE-BUTADIENE RUBBER] (Vol 22) -nut oils m [NUTS] (Vol 17) -potassium hydroxide mmfg of [POTASSIUM COMPOUNDS] (Vol 19) -sampling standards for [SAMPLING] (Vol 21) -as synthetic surfactant [SURFACTANTS] (Vol 23)... 

An MIP film attached to a quartz resonator of the QCM transducer has been used successfully to devise a chemosensor for determination of disinfection by-products of haloacetic acids in drinking water [128]. An ACN solution of trichloroacetic acid (TCAA), VPD, EGDMA and AIBN, used as the template, functional monomer, cross-linker and initiator, respectively, has been polymerized thermo-radically. Next, the resulting MIP was spin-coated on a quartz resonator to form a thin film. The TCAA template was then extracted by rinsing the film with water. This TCAA... 

Contact lenses are made of polymeric materials designed and fabricated to correct vision. Because these lenses are removed from the eye after a prescribed wear time, lens care products are required to clean, disinfect and rinse them prior to reinsertion to avoid ocular infections and other complications. Lens care products are also required to enhance the comfort of lens wear. 

Free formaldehyde is used in cosmetics, especially in hair shampoos, and in many disinfectants and antiseptics. The solid paraformaldehyde is used as a source of formaldehyde vapor for the disinfection of rooms. Noxythiolin, polynoxyUn, hexamidine, and taurolidine act by slow release of formaldehyde. Formaldehyde solution contains 34—38% of formaldehyde methanol as a stabilizing agent to delay polymerization of the formaldehyde. Formaldehyde gel contains 0.75% of formaldehyde and is used to treat warts. 

Polyhexanide is a polymerized form of chlorhexidine, used as a disinfectant (1). 

Use Pigments, reagent, etching aluminum, disinfectant, textiles (dyeing and calico printing), flocculant in water and sewage purification, soil conditioner, polymerization catalyst, metal pickling, chelated iron products, intermediate. 

Crosslinked chloromethylated PS beads were reacted with hydantoin and imidazolidinone derivatives to produce functionalised beads which could be rendered biocidal by reaction with free chlorine or bromine. The biocidal efficacies of the N-chlorinated and, in one case, the N-brominated polymeric beads against Staphylococcus aureus or Escherichia coli 0157 H7 in aqueous suspension were determined. The N-halogenated polymeric beads were effective in aqueous disinfection application, requiring short contact times for inactivation of the two bacteria. The functionalised polymers could be tailored to the application, depending on whether rapid biocidal activity or long-term stability to loss of oxidative halogen was desired. 11 refs. (Pt.III, ibid, p.363-7)... 

Table 12 shows the typical LRV values obtained using a polymeric and ceramic microfilter. Sterile filtration requires 100% bacteria retention by the membrane, whereas in many industrial bacteria removal applications the presence of a small quantity of bacteria in the filtrate may be acceptable. For example, drinking water obtained by microfiltration may contain nominal counts of bacteria in the filtrate which is then treated with a disinfectant such as chlorine or ozone. The use of ceramic filters may allow the user to combine the sterile filtration with steam sterilization in a single operation. This process can be repeated many times without changing filters due to their long service life (5 years or longer). 

A silane containing hydroxyl and quaternary ammonium salt groups was treated with a triisocyanate to prepare a biocidal film that was active against Escherichia coli for as long as 1 month.188 Cellulose was treated with the appropriate trimethoxysilane to attach a phosphonium salt.189 Polyphosphonium salts based on polystyrene have been prepared with spacers of varying lengths between the aromatic ring and the phosphorus atom.190 Polymeric dichlorohydantoins were used to disinfect potable water... 

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