Polymer tissue adhesive

Components/ mechanism of action Light-activated polyethylene-glycol (PEG) polymer sealant for lung tissue. Monomeric (2-octyl cyanoacrylate) formulation tissue adhesive for skin closure. Bovine albumin cross-linked with gluteraldehyde tissue adhesive/sealant. 

Cardiovascular-functional polymers cover almost all categories of synthetic polymers and large numbers of biopolymers. They are used to build the device bulk, act as surface-modifying additives [SMA], and also formulate tissue adhesives [11-17]. 

Materials are indexed quite adequately. The broad MeSH heading Biomedical and Dental Materials includes such narrower terms as Alloys, Biocompatible Materials, Polymers, and Tissue Adhesives. More precise narrower terms au-e also provided, for example, the many different types of polymers (e.g., cyanoacrylates, elastomers, plastics, and silicones). 

Because a-cyanoacrylates contain a double bond substituted by two electron-withdrawing substituents, they are highly susceptible to anionic initiation, and water is basic enough to initiate very rapid polymerization. Therefore, because moisture can initiate polymerization and because the formed polymer is able to firmly adhere to moist surfaces, it has evoked considerable medical interest as a tissue adhesive (19. 20). 

Remove cap from the instrument. If viewing the cap reveals debris or nonspecific tissue adhesion, the said material may be removed by gently blotting the polymer surface with an adhesive-type notepad (regular adhesive, not super... 

Early demonstration that the absorption of poly(methoxypropyl cyanoacrylate) can be accelerated in the presence of hquid absorbable oxalate polymers led Shalaby to develop a new family of methoxypropyl cyanoacrylate (MFC)/polyester formulations as tissue adhesives with a broad range of properties. These formulations were tailored to produce absorbable tissue adhesives with a range of adhesive properties and compositionally controlled compliance depending on the type and content of the absorbable polyester component in the formulation. 

In response to these concerns, and particularly the ones associated with tire nonabsorbable cyanoacrylates that are used clinically. Linden and Shalaby disclosed a novel, absorbable tissue adhesive composition that addressed, to a practical extent, the drawbacks of the absorbable bioadhesive as well as nonabsorbable cyanoacrylates. In effect, these absorbable tissue adhesive compositions were based (1) primarily on methoxyalkyl cyanoacrylates and preferably methoxypropyl cyanoacrylate as the precursor of an absorbable tissue adhesive polymer and (2) on a polymeric, highly absorbable, liquid comprising an oxalate ester of triethylene glycol as a modifier to modulate the viscosity of the overall composition, lower the heat of polymerization, and increase the compliance and absorption rate of the cured adhesive joint. In a more recent disclosure by Shalaby, a number of other useful modifiers were described and the functional performance of the new adhesive compositions was reported. ... 

Based on the design criteria noted above, the evolution of the absorbable cyanoacrylate-based system commenced with methoxypropyl cyanoacrylate (MFC) and was followed by formulation of MFC with polyether oxalate or polyester carbonate. Figure 5.1 outlines a polymerization scheme and designation of the final polymer. Both V-100 and V-150 tissue adhesives contain the same components but in different proportions. 

The use of polymers as adhesives is of particular interest. One reason for using the a-cyano acrylate esters as tissue adhesives has been the observation that there is a progressive, nontoxic absorption of the substances by the body. Interest in the use of polymers as reagents, which actively take part in the body functions, is now being evaluated. 

Farzaneh, N-H., Soheila, S-K., Faramarz, A-T. andZahra, S. (2011) A novel topical biocompatible tissue adhesive based on chitosan-modified urethane pre-polymer. Iranian Polymer Journal, 20, 671-680. 

Synonyms Bucrilate Isobutyl 2-cyanoacrylate Classification Liquid polymer Empirical C8H11NO2 Properties M.w. 153.18 Uses Tissue adhesive, embolizing agent, surgical aid for medical use Manuf/Distrib. Sigma... 

Precaution Polymerizes quickly in presence of water or alcohols Storage Store refrigerated Uses Mfg. of polymers and adhesives surgical aid (tissue adhesive) dentistry Manuf./Distrib. Polysciences ht //www.poiysciences, com Trade Name Synonyms Sicomet 85 [Henkel Adhesives http //www.henkeiadhesives.com], Sicomet 99 [Henkel Adhesives http //WWW.henkeiadhesives.com] Sicomet 7000 [Henkel Adhesives http //www. henkeiadhesives. com]... 

The main family of bioerodible polymers is represented by poly(alkylcya-noacrylate)s (PACA). These polymers have a long history since 1947 as adhesives, especially in areas where a fast cure rate is needed. Polymerisation of alkylcyanoacrylates (ACA) can be initiated in the presence of bases as weak as the hydroxyl ions of water. The propagation rate decreases when the size of the lateral alkyl chain increases. As polymerisation can be very fast, ACAs have been used as surgical glue, as tissue adhesive and for embolisation purposes. As shown in Section 4.4.6, ACAs have also been used extensively for preparing nanospheres and nanocapsules for drug delivery. 

Cyanoacrylate adhesives n. alkyl -2-cyano-crylates polymerize rapidly via anionic initiation in the presence of weak bases (water, alcohol) at ambient temperatures highly exothermic reaction yielding brittle polymers very useful for quickly setting anaerobic adhesives also useful for suture less topical tissue adhesives (e.g.. Derma-bond ) and industrial grades are commonly known as super glue . 

The alkylcyanoacrylates are biodegradable polymers which have been used as tissue adhesives in surgery (Woodward et al, 1965) and have been... 

Vezin and Florence (1980) used monodisperse powdered polymer particles for studying the in vitro degradation of poly(7j-alkyl a-cyanoacrylates), with a range of alkyl side chains and MW. These authors showed that degradation in aqueous buffer depends not only upon the pH and the length of the polymer alkyl side chain, but also critically on the polymer particle surface, particle size, polyoner MW and MW distribution. They concluded that at low MW (below the characteristics of effective tissue adhesiveness), increased water solubility, plasticity and diffusivity may result in a bulk rather than surface polymier degradation. 

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