Polymer processing additives

Dynamar Polymer Processing Additive Technical Information, Parr Bomb Analytical Method for Determining Total Organic Fluorine Concentration in Polyethylene, Dyneon, Oakdale, MN (n.d.). 

Woods, S. S. and Pocius, A. V., The Influence of Polymer Processing Additives (PPAS) on the Surface and Optical Properties of Polyolefin Plastomer Blown Eilm, SPEANTEC Tech. Papers, 46, 191 (2000)... 

Fig. 12.22 Velocity of the polymer in the vicinity of the wall as it makes the transition from inside to outside the capillary die. For x < 0 (inside the die), measurements were made of slow-moving particles, that is, those nearest the wall. Forx > 0 (outside the die), the measurements were made at the air-polymer interface. The flow rate at which the onset of sharkskin is observed is noted, (a) Without the polymer process additive. For the higher flow rates, we show the velocity of both the core and the surface regions, (b) With the polymer process additive. [Reprinted by permission from K. B. Migler, Extensional Deformation, Cohesive Failure, and Boundary Conditions during Sharkskin Melt Fracture, J. Rheol., 46, 383-400 (2002).]...

S. Kharchenko, K.B. Migler, and S. Hatzikiriakos. Conventional polymer processing additives. In S.G. Hatzikiriakos and K.B. Migler (Eds.), Polymer Processing Instabilities—Control and Understanding, Dekker, New York, 2005. 

High density (HDPE), 52 Irregularities, 52 Linear low density (LLDPE), 52 Low density (LDPE), 52 Molecular weight, 52 Melt flow index, 53 Melting temperature, 51 Moisture absorption, 51 Polymeric forms, 52 Resistance to chemicals, 52 Resistance to oxidation, 52 Shrinkage, 54 Unsaturations, 54 a-transition, 51 P-transition, 51 y-transition, 51 Polyisocyanate, 79 Polylactic acid, 79, 91 Polymer alloys, 48 Polymer processing additives, 646 Polymer rheology, 619 Polymeric forms, 52 Polyphase PlOO, 451 polypropylene (PP), 2, 11 Polypropylene homopolymer, 70... 

Woods and Pocius [42] prepared commercial polyolefin plastomer films, containing slip and antiblock, were blown with and without the addition of commercial polymer processing additives, at levels of 600,1,200, or 2,000 ppm. Possible detrimental affects on the films were evaluated by determination of surface tension, gloss, haze, clarity, transmittance, hot tack, heat seal, coefficient of friction and block, and the surface... 

Fluoropolymers of the kind used as polymer processing additives (PPAs) are quite impervious to chemical attack and thermal degradation. They are of low surface energy, and are generally incompatible with other pol)nners. 

Blong, T., Klein, D., Pocius, A., Strobel, M. (1994) The Influence of Polymer Processing Additives on the Surface, Mechanical, and Optical Properties of LLDPE Blown Film. SPE ANTEC 94. 

Woods et al. [95] have studied the influence of the fluorocarbon-based polymer processing additive (PEA) Dynamar FX 9613/5920A on the surface and optical properties of polyolefin plastomer blown film by means of XPS and SSIMS. The same techniques were used to study the effect of Dynamar FX 9613 on the surface properties of HDPE [96]. Migration of fluorinated processing aids in HDPE film was also studied by XPS and ATR-FTIR [97]. Lens et al. [98] have reported an XPS study of the orientation of molecules of anionic surfactants, such as... 

Multimodal fluoropolymers are superior in performance than unimodal fluoroplastics when used as polymer processing additive (6). 

M.P. Dillon, S.S. Woods, K.J. Fronek, C. Lavallee, S.E. Amos, K.D. Weilandt, H. Kaspar, B. Hirsch, K. Hintzer, and P.J. Scott, Polymer processing additive containing a multimodal fluoropolymer and melt processable thermoplastic polymer composition employing the same, US Patent 6 277 919, assigned to Dyneon LLC (Oakdale, MN), August 21,2001. 

Branched macromolecules fall into three main classes star-branched polymers, characterized by multiple chains linked at one central point (Roovers, 1985), comb-branched polymers, having one linear backbone and side chains randomly distributed along it (Rempp et al., 1988), and dendritic polymers, with a multilevel branched architecture (Tomalia and Frechet, 2001). The cascade-branched structure of dendritic polymers is typically derived from polyfunctional monomers under more or less strictly controlled polymerization conditions. This class of macromolecules has a unique combination of features and, as a result, a broad spectrum of applications is being developed for these materials in areas including microencapsulation, drag delivery, nanotechnology, polymer processing additives, and catalysis. 

The most relevant drawback in talc applications is caused by its absorption of polymer process additive. This is a subject of intensive research and patent activity. The treated talc inhibits the adsorption of plastic film additives onto the talc. Surface treating means coating, partial coating, or using an effective amount of modifier to inhibit the adsorption of other additives. A functionalized polydialkyl, preferably polydimethylsiloxane is used for surface treatment. Bis-(12-hydroxystearate) terminated polydimethylsiloxane, is a preferred agent used for the surface treatment of talc (but can also be used in conjunction with other antiblocking agents, such as, diatomaceous earth, calcium carbonate, and synthetic silica). 

Figure 13.3. Concentration of polymer processing additive (Dynamar FX5920A) on melt fracture of extruded octene LLDPE. [Data from Nayak, K. Gownder, M. Giacoletto, G, Soc. Plast. Eng., Inc., Antec, Conf Proc., 2856-63, 2002.]...

Reducing Antiblock and Polymer Processing Additive Interactions for Improved Blown Film Melt Fracture Elimination. 

Croda Oleochemicale CRODAMIPE Polymer Processing Additives fContinued) ... 

Fluoropolymer polymer processing additives are required by pipe extmsion processes. They cause pressure reduction in extmder, decrease in torque and eneigy consumption, decrease in processing temperature, and increase of out-put. Pipes manufactured with processing additives have smooth wall finish (better esthetics and performance). 

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