Parr bomb

Two simple methods for the semi-micro estimation of halogens are available, (a) the Carius method, and (b) the Parr bomb method. It should be emphasised that there are other methods available for these estimations on the true micro scale, but they do not lend themselves, by virtue of the balances, apparatus and manipulation required, to semi-micro work, or to the intermittent usage which class-work necessarily entails. 

Apparatus, The Parr Bomb is made of pure nickel, or of nickel-steel with a very high nickel content it remains clean and bright after many operations. Stainless steel is not employed, as it is attacked under the conditions employed. 

The demand for the determination proved so great that the method has been placed on a routine basis. One man can make 40 to 50 chlorine determinations on dry resins in an 8-hour day with a precision approaching that of the almost prohibitively time-consuming potassium fusion method. The Parr-bomb method permits about 40 analyses by two men in an 8-hour day, but precision suffers considerably when the work is done at this speed. 

Parr Calorimeter (Parr Bomb). A device invented by S.W. Parr in 1912, and improved since then by the Parr Instrument Co of Moline, Illinois. 

The fluorine titration of chromium oxide was carried out at the Elf-Atochem Research Center, Pieire-Benite.The catalyst mineralization was carried out in a Parr bomb by reaction with sodium peroxyde. Fluorine ions were then titrated by a potentiometric method with a specific fluoride electrode. 

Parr bomb extraction. 67 interactions with matter 101... 

Principles and Characteristics In the Parr bomb extraction technique (see also Section 8.2.1.2), a Teflon-tetrafluoroethylene fluorocarbon resin lined vessel is used for sample containment. A sample (typically 1 g) is heated in a small volume of solvent at T, t, p of choice. 

Applications The determination and quantification of oligomers from PET has been carried out using various techniques Soxhlet extraction followed by gravimetric analysis with identification by HPLC-DAD, selective precipitation of the polymer (from a trifluoroacetic acid solution), and chloroform extraction under pressure in a sealed Parr bomb [112]. Heating of a 1 g sample in 20 mL chloroform at 100 °C for 2h allows a precision of 5 %. 

Several dissolution modes (boiling solvent, hot block, Parr bomb, high-pressure dissolution) are possible. The configuration of the main procedures for fractionation by solubility and their chromatographic follow-up is given in Table 3.52. 

A PET oligomer isolation method has utilised chloroform extraction in a Parr bomb lined with a Teflon-TFE fluoro-carbon resin [40]. The analytics of fluoropolymer processing aids (combustion analysis, XRF, EUR, 19F NMR, OM) have recently been described [29]. Combustion analysis (Parr Oxygen Bomb Calorimeter) can be used for quantitative analysis... 

Dynamar Polymer Processing Additive Technical Information, Parr Bomb Analytical Method for Determining Total Organic Fluorine Concentration in Polyethylene, Dyneon, Oakdale, MN (n.d.). 

Serum blood, and urine Filtration of sample if needed blood requires digestion in a Parr bomb dilution of serum or urine with acid or water ICP/AES 10-50 pg/L 85 (serum) >80 (urine, blood) Que Hee and Boyle 1988... 

Aspila et al. [60] have described a semi-automated method for the determination of inorganic, organic and total phosphorus in river and lake sediments. Total phosphorus is extracted from sediments with 1M hydrochloric acid after ignition at a high temperature (550°C) (method 1) or by digestion with sulphuric acid-potassium persulphate at 135°C in a sealed PTFE-lined Parr bomb (method 2). 

Que Hee and Boyle [70] analysed soils for total phosphorus using Parr bomb digestion with hydrofluoric-nitric-perchloric acids followed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. 

An alternate extraction procedure used by Aspila et al. [60] involves ignition of the sediment with potassium persulphate in a PTFE-lined Parr bomb. 

General Procedure for the Silylformaltion/Sakurai Allylation. Synthesis of Polyol Fragments for Polyketide and Macrolide Synthesis. In a magnetically stirred stainless-steel Parr bomb the substrate (1 eq) is dissolved in benzene. The solution is cooled to - 78 °C until frozen. Rh(acac)(CO)2 (3 mol %) is then added and the Parr bomb is assembled and pressurized with CO (60 bar) and vented. This purge is repeated twice and the Parr bomb is pressurized with CO (60 bar) at - 78 °C. The apparatus is then immersed in an oil bath and heated at 60 °C for 22-24 h. After cooling to 0 °C, the bomb is vented. The solution... 

Dtatmno-l-alkenes. Doss Bost (Ref 1) describe the prepn of 1, 2-bis(dimethyl-amino) ethylene (bp 38-40° at 15mm l, s 4648), its hydrogenation in a Parr bomb at 40lb/sq inch to the ethane (nfi 1.4170) and the use of the ethane deriv as a component of hypergolic fast-burning rocket fuels... 

The traditional peroxide or Parr bomb method2 is less popular these days as fluoride finishes up in a solution of high ionic strength, which may present problems in its determination. Most types of organo-fluorine compound can, however, be decomposed satisfactorily by this method including volatiles, polymers and BF compounds. 

Bor a method involving combustion in a Parr bomb, see Shaw and Reid, ibid., 1927, 49, 2330. 

Antimony. In the determination of antimony in coal, the irradiated coal sample mixed with benzoic acid and antimony trioxide carrier is burned in a Parr bomb (4). 

Im Milligrammbereich kann bei schweraufschlieBbaren Substanzen die Parr-Bombe mit metaUischem Natrium oder die Wurzschmitt-Bombe mit Natriumperoxid 287> verwendet werden. Die letzte Methode wurde auch im Dezimilligrammbereich erprobt S88). 

Human blood, urine, serum, feces Acid digestion using Parr bomb technique, microwave, or hot plate method ICP-AES 1 g/L > 75% Que Hee and Boyle 1988... 

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