Polymer-plasticizer unions

Domkin, V. S. Electrical properties of gas-filled polymers. All-Union Seminar on Plastic Foams, Leningrad USSR, 1975 (in Russian)... 

Johnston, F., Plastic composition comprising a vinyl hahde polymer and a phosphorus-containing compound as a plasticizer. Union Carbide and Carbon, U.S. Patent Appl. US 2668800, 1954 Chem. Abstr, 48, 8586h, 1954. 

Proceedings of the 7th World Conference on Biodegradable Polymers Plastics organized by the European Degradable Polymer Society in conjunction with the Bioenvironmental Polymer Society and the Biodegradable Plastics Society, under the auspices of ICS-UNIDO (Italy) and INSTM Consortium (Italy) and under the patronage of lUPAC—International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (USA) and Ministero dell Ambiente e della Tutela del Territorio (Italy), held on June 4-8, 2002, in Terrenia (Pisa), Italy. 

Whereas celluloid was the first plastics material obtained by chemical modification of a polymer to be exploited, the phenolics were the first commercially successful fully synthetic resins. It is interesting to note that in 1963, by a merger of two subsidiary companies of the Union Carbide and the Distillers organisations, there was formed the Bakelite Xylonite Company, an intriguing marriage of two of the earliest names in the plastics industry. 

In 1964, a special state center to carry out the above work was created in Kiev (Ukraine) the All-Union Scientific Research Institute on the Health and Toxicology of Pesticides, Polymers, and Plastics (VNIIGINTOKS). In 1969, a... 

Union Carbide (34) and in particular Dow adopted the continuous mass polymerization process. Credit goes to Dow (35) for improving the old BASF process in such a way that good quality impact-resistant polystyrenes became accessible. The result was that impact-resistant polystyrene outstripped unmodified crystal polystyrene. Today, some 60% of polystyrene is of the impact-resistant type. The technical improvement involved numerous details it was necessary to learn how to handle highly viscous polymer melts, how to construct reactors for optimum removal of the reaction heat, how to remove residual monomer and solvents, and how to convey and meter melts and mix them with auxiliaries (antioxidants, antistatics, mold-release agents and colorants). All this was necessary to obtain not only an efficiently operating process but also uniform quality products differentiated to meet the requirements of various fields of application. In the meantime this process has attained technical maturity over the years it has been modified a number of times (Shell in 1966 (36), BASF in 1968 (37), Granada Plastics in 1970 (38) and Monsanto in 1975 (39)) but the basic concept has been retained. 

Styrene is a commercially important monomer that is used extensively in the manufacture of polystyrene resins and in co-polymers with acrylonitrile and 1,3-butadiene (reinforced plastics). Exposure to styrene occurs due to intake of food that has been in contact with styrene-containing polymers. lARC has determined that styrene is possibly carcinogenic to humans. There is no restriction on using styrene within the European Union (i.e., there is no SML). 

John Hirrcll, Tet hnicon Instruments Corporation. Tarry-town. NY. Automated Instrumentation Hematology Henri Ulrich, Consultant, Guilford, CT. Urethane Polymers Pamla R. Umberger, Union Carbide Chemicals and Plastics Conqxtny Inc.. South Charleston, WV. lillp //www.unioncarbide.com, Diamines and Higher Amines, Aliphatic... 

Shutov, F. A The gas-structure element and a new classification of plastic foams. All-Union Conference on Gas-Filled Polymers, Vladimir/USSR, 1974 (in Russian)... 

During the 1970s Jersey Standard s chemical product portfolio had been reduced to resemble that in 1960. Its primary chemical business remained the production of ethylene, basic polymers (including LDPE, linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) using the Unipol process, licensed from Union Carbide, PP, and polyvinyl chloride (PVC), plasticizers (particularly for vinyl production), elastomers, and synthetic rubbers. Profits returned. The 1974 balance sheet listed earnings of 456 million on revenue of 3.3 billion, making Exxon Chemical one of the five most profitable chemical companies worldwide. 

Cellulose based plastics and certain PVC formulations are vulnerable to attack from microorganisms. Specific biocides are targeted at particular organisms and can be more precisely defined as bactericides, fungicides, etc. Antimicrobial additives are now widely used in polyolefin kitchenware and bathroom accessories to act in defence of substances coming into contact with the polymer. EUROPEAN COMMUNITY EUROPEAN UNION UK WESTERN EUROPE... 

Union Carbide Chemicals and Plastics Co Inc, Bound Brook NJ. Product Brochure for Tone Polymers... 

In 1964, in Kiev within the system of the Ministry of Public Health, the All-Union Scientiric Research Institute of Toxicology of Pesticides, Polymers and Plastics (now the Ukrainian Institute of Ecohygiene and Toxicology of Chemicals) was organized which soon became a large center involved with the coordination of this p-oblem in the former Soviet Union. 

V.O. Sheftel, Hygiene Aspects of the Use of Polymeric Materials in the Water Supply, All-Union Research Institute of Hygiene and Toxicology of Pesticides, Polymers and Plastic Materials, Kiev, Russia, 1977, p.61 (in Russian). [PhD Thesis]... 

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