Polymer-based composite materials

Ulven, C. A. and Vaidya, U. K. Impact response of fire damaged polymer-based composite materials, Composites Part B 2008, 39, 92-107. 

An inhibited polymer coating represents a layer of a polymer-based composite material bonded with the substrate via an adhesive layer. The composite material may contain a plasticizer, corrosion inhibitor and technological additives in its composition (see Chap. 3). The coatings are subdivided into peelable and unpeelable by their behavior and the intensity of their adhesive interactions with the article being protected. 

The problem of designing new polymer-based composite materials containing metal nanoparticles (MNPs) is of current interest, particularly in the fabrication of magnetooptic data storages, picosecond optical switches, directional connectors, and so on. The nonlinear optical properties of these composites stem from the dependence of their refractive index on incident light intensity. This effect is associated with MNPs, which exhibit a high nonlinear susceptibility of the third order when exposed to ultrashort (picosecond or femtosecond) laser pulses [1]. 

The general properties of polymer-based Composite materials and the critical influence of interfacial adhesion are considered under Fibre composites - introduction. The section below summarizes the range of materials that may be used as fibres and matrices, which together serve to exploit the range of properties that may be obtained from composites. 

Yoshihiko Arao received his Ph.D. (2010) at the University of Waseda (Japan) under the supervision of Hiroyuki Kawada. There he spent 4 years as Assistant Professor at the Doshisha University. He published more than 30 papers, and his h-index is 6. He became involved from manufacturing to evaluation of polymer-based composite materials. Now he is focused on the mechanical and functional properties of nanocomposites. Contact Yoshihiko.arao gmail.com... 

Recently, the composite materials made of organic and inorganic phases have attracted much attention polymer-based composite materials have been widely used in the biomedical field [173], and natural polymers, such as cellulose, chitin, corn protein, starch and soy protein isolate (SPI) [174] have become important due to the increasing requirements for materials with characteristics of renewability, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and non-toxicity. 

Legonkova, O. A. Biodeterioration of Polymer-based Composite Materials in the Environment. MateK Sci. 2008, 2, 50-55. 

However, in molecular media such as polymers, polymer blends and polymer-based composite materials, positron or Ps will inhabit a different environment and have different lifetimes. As a result, the measured lifetime spectra in such systems will represent many decaying exponentials superposed with the instrumental resolution function. Figure 27.3b shows a typical lifetime spectrum in a polymer blend and its constituents. 

The family of Liquid crystalline polymer composites has unique combinations of several interesting material properties which prove their superiority over other conventional materials of similar kind which are used for design of intelligent functional materials. Design of organic polymer based composite materials has always remains as a thrust area for the peoples of material science since such kind... 

Plastics are a wide variety of polymer-based composite materials which possess appreciable mechanical strength (they have stiff chains at room temperature) and are characterised by plasticity, i.e., they can be formed or moulded... 

The competition between different plate materials or plates has become more severe in recent years this is beneficial for fuel cell design and allows manufacturing companies to make a better choice. The major competition is focused on polymer-based composite plates and metal plates. As qualitatively shown in Table 5.4, each material has its advantages and shortcomings. To this end, it is difficult and also too early to make a judgment on which of these two plate materials is better. In addition, as mentioned at the beginning of this chapter, with different market applications, the fuel cells. 

Plate Material Graphite Polymer-Based Composite Metal... 

With the advent of nanomaterials, different types of polymer-based composites developed as multiple scale analysis down to the nanoscale became a trend for development of new materials with new properties. Multiscale materials modeling continue to play a role in these endeavors as well. For example, Qian et al. [257] developed multiscale, multiphysics numerical tools to address simulations of carbon nanotubes and their associated effects in composites, including the mechanical properties of Young s modulus, bending stiffness, buckling, and strength. Maiti [258] also used multiscale modeling of carbon nanotubes for microelectronics applications. Friesecke and James [259] developed a concurrent numerical scheme to evaluate nanotubes and nanorods in a continuum. 

It may also be possible to eventually extend this bonding concept to the preparation of flakeboards and other wood-base composite materials. If plastics like polystyrene are incorporated into the composite matrix, and successful bonding between the wood and plastic is developed through the graft polymers, the three-dimensional network of plastic material throughout the composite matrix may lead to enhanced physical and mechanical properties as well as improvements in dimensional stability (Figure 2). 

The formulation of composites is complex, because a component introduced to modify one property may have significant effects on other properties, and because there may be interactive effects between two or more components. Lancaster published a paper on the role of fillers and fibre reinforcement in polymer-based bearing materials in 1972 which is still an excellent summary of the technology. 

When the mesogen moiety is included into the main chain of the polymer, the obtained macromolecule contains inherently rigid units, which usually result in remarkable mechanical properties and thermal stability. Fibers made by these polymers compete with the best ceramic fibers and are far superior to metal fibers [83]. They therefore are ideal candidates as reinforcements for polymer-based composites. However, these materials often have a poor miscibility and adhesion to other polymeric substrates, limiting the range of their applications. This problem basically arises from weak intermolecular interactions either within the liquid-crystalline polymer itself or with the matrix of the composite. Strong ionic... 

The composition of the structural material and the choice of the fabrication process are important in the preparation of controlled-release systems. Over the past decades, great advances have been made in the engineering of multicomponent, polymer-based, structural materials. These materials were designed to release active substances by different mechanisms (ref. 1) including diffusion, chemical control (polymer degradation) and solvent activation (swelling or osmotic pressure). In some cases, combinations of such mechanisms have been used. Experimental methods and theoretical analysis of mass transport phenomena in these materials have been developed (refs. 2,3). 

In the Institute of Mechanics of Metal—Polymer Systems, Byelorussian SSR Academy of Sciences, USSR a method MR 74—82 (20) for evaluating the tribotechnical properties of polymer-based materials had been developed based on the generalization of techniques and talcing into consideration the friction behavior of polymers and polymer—based composites... 

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