Polymer antibody conjugates

Monji N, Cole C-A, Tam M, Goldstein L, Nowinski RC, Hoffman AS. Application of a thermally-reversible polymer-antibody conjugate in a novel membrane-based immunoassay. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1990 172(2) 652-660. 

This thermally induced phase separation immunoassay has been extended by grafting PNIPAM to porous nylon membranes on microfiuidic cards. At temperatures above the LCST of PNIPAM, the polymer-antibody conjugates are aggregated and retained on the modified filters, while other proteins can pass through. Below that temperature, the captured and labelled antigens are released as a concentrated pulse (Golden et al, 2010 Nash era/., 2010). 

Thus, the use of metal-loaded chelating polymer-antibody conjugates permits fast and effective accumulation of the label in the target area with high target-to-normal ratios that should be sufficient for fast and contrast imaging in different imaging modalities. 

Add 10 mg of the protein to be coupled to the dextran solution. Other ratios of dextran-to-protein may be used as appropriate. For instance, if more than one protein or a protein plus a smaller molecule are both to be conjugated to the dextran backbone, the amount of protein added initially may have to be scaled back to allow the second molecule to be coupled latter. Many times, a small molecule such as a drug will be coupled to the dextran polymer first, and then a targeting protein such as an antibody conjugated secondarily. The optimal ratio of components forming the dextran conjugate should be determined experimentally to obtain the best combination possible. 

Of the non-antibody, non-liposome based drug targeting strategies, most of the (limited) clinical experience has been obtained with polymer-based conjugates of anticancer drugs. The most widely employed drugs for this application are cytotoxic agents such as doxorubicin and... 

Polymer-protein conjugates (see Fig. 11.1 a). The phenomenal advances in molecular cloning and monoclonal antibody technology have rendered... 

Binding of inIn-labeled antibody-polymer-liposome conjugates was compared with the binding of corresponding antibody directly labeled with 11 In via covalently attached DTPA. 

Experimental results known so far (e.g. 14,15,16) indicate that the amount of antibodies produce" against the polymer-hapten conjugate is closely related to the antigenicity of the polymer itself the more antigenic the polymer, the higher the antibody production against a hapten fixed to it. 

Kunath K, Kopeckova P, Minko T, Kopecek J. HPMA copolymer-anticancer drug-OV-TL16 antibody conjugates. 3. The effect of free and polymer-bound adriamycin on the expression of some genes in the OVCAR-3 human ovarian carcinoma cell line. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2000 49 11-15. 

Parenteral administration (injection), which is the immediate option for orally undeliverable drugs, has advanced greatly in recent years for systemic and local drug delivery. " The novel drug delivery system has metamorphosed from simple polymer and antibody conjugates to sterically stabilized colloidal systems. Liposomes and nanoparticles can improve pharmacokinetic-pharmacody-... 

Typically, iron oxide cannot be used alone (63), so it is coated with polymer that serves as the foundation for antibody conjugation (64-66). The specific delivery of trastuzumab labeled iron oxide nanoparticles (lONPs) to HER2 positive breast tumors have also been confirmed in a murine model (67, 68). In a similar study, lONPs were conjugated with EGFR targeting antibody, and specific uptake to orthotopic brain tumor xenografts was demonstrated in a preclinical model (69). However, lONP based MRI tracers can be easily trapped in liver or spleen, which needs to be resolved for clinical translation. 

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