Drug localization

Juliano, R. L., and Me Cullough, H. N. (1980). Controlled delivery of an antitumor drug Localized action of liposome encapsulated cytosine arabinoside administered via the respiratory system, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 214, 381-387. 

Therefore, extensive characterization is required, as the physicochemical properties of lipid nanodispersions influence not only drug incorporation and release but also the physical stability of the preparation for example, drug localization in the matrix. Several methods have to be combined for characterization to allow detection of dynamic processes such as changes in lipid modifications, particle aggregation, and the formation of nanostructures of other kinds. 

Touitou, E., V. Meidan, and E. Horwitz. 1998. Methods for quantitative determination of drug localized in the skin. J Control Release 56 7. 

The organic causes of erectile impotence can be grouped into endocrine, drug, local, neurological, and vascular causes (Table 60.1). 

Active targeting is used to describe the specific liposomal drug localization achieved by grafting various moieties (antibodies, lectins, polymers, etc.) on the carrier surface. 

Currently, fluorescence microscopy is one of the most useful techniques for the examination of drug localization in fixed and live cells. However, to use this technique, the drug must be fluorescent, or labeled with a fluorescent tag. 

In the mid-1950s the first pressurized metered dose inhaler (MDI) was developed for the administration of bronchodilator drugs locally to the lung. It was a major advance for the treatment of asthma since it made aerosol medications readily available in an inexpensive small multidose device. 

Fig. 22. Introduction of vulnerable moieties to avoid systemic actions in drugs locally applied...

Na+ Anticonvulsant drugs Class I antiarrhythmics Diuretic drugs Local anesthetic drugs Carbamazepine, phenytoin, valproic acid lA Disopyramide, procainamide, quinidine IB Lidocaine, mexiletine, phenytoin, tocainide IC Encainide, flecainide, propafenone Amiloride Bupivacaine, cocaine, lidocaine, mepivacaine, tetracaine... 

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