Polyhydroxyalkanoate novel

Steinbuchel A (1991) Polyhydroxyalkanoic acid. In Byrom D (ed) Biomaterials. Novel materials from biological sources. Macmillan, Basingstoke, p 123... 

The previous example related to manipulation of primary plant metabolism through creating a bypass within the existing system. There are also a range of studies that have looked at the production of novel substances within plants. One particularly relevant example is the production of a polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), in Arabidopsis thaliana. 

Kasuya K-i, Inoue Y, Doi Y (1996) Adsorption kinetics of bacterial PHB depolymerase on the surface of polyhydroxyalkanoate films. Int J Biol Macrom 19 35 0 Kasuya K-i, Ohura T, Masuda K, Doi Y (1999) Substrate and binding specificities of bacterial polyhydroxybutyrate depolymerases. Int J Biol Macromol 24 329-336 Kato M, M. HJB, Kang CK, Fukui T, Doi Y (1996) Production of a novel copolyester of 3-hydroxybutyric acid and medium-chain-length 3-hydroxyalkanoic acids by Pseudomonas sp. 61-3 from sugars Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 45 363-370 Kaushik N, Kumar K, Kumar S, Kaushik N, Roy S (2007) Genetic variability ruid divergence studies in seed traits and oil content of Jatropha (Jatropha curcas L.) accessions. Biomass Bioenerg 31 497-502... 

Sharma, P.K., Fu,Zhang, X., Fristensky, B., Sparling, R., and Levin, D.B. (2014) Genome features of Pseudomonas putida LS46, a novel polyhydroxyalkanoate producer and its comparison with other P. putida strains. AMB Express, 4, 37. 

Z. Wang, Y. Itoh, Y. Hosaka, I. Kobayashi, Y. Nakano, I. Maeda, F. Umeda, J. Yamakawa, M. Kawase, K. Yag, Novel transdermal drug delivery system with polyhydroxyalkanoate and starburst poly-amidoaminedendrimer, J. Biosci. Bioeng. 95 (5) (2003) 541-543. 

Steinbiichel, A. Polyhydroxyalkanoic acids. Biomaterials novel materials from biological sources, pp. 124—213. Stockton, New York (1991)... 

Polyhydroxyalkanoate synthases can use many different substrates and the number of viable pathways for the biosynthesis of PHAs is huge. When new substrates are used, novel PHAs can be produced. In aiming to reduce production costs, it will be useful to search for bacteria that can synthesize precursor substrates from simple and cheap carbon sources [36,92]. It has also been revealed that, when a PHA synthase enzyme is expressed in a different host microbe, it may result in different substrate speciflcity and therefore new PHAs with new chemical and physical properties are accessible [11]. 

Wu Q, Sun SQ, Yu PHF, Chen AXZ, Chen GQ (2000) Environmental dependence of microbial synthesis of polyhydroxyalkanoates. Acta Polym Sin 6 751-756 Wu LP, Cheng ST, Chen GQ, Xu KT (2008) Synthesis, characterization and biocompatibihty of novel biodegradable poly[((R)-3-hydroxybutyrate)-block-(D,L-lactide)-block-(epsilon-caprolactone)] triblock copolymers. Polym Int 57 939-949... 

Aral Y, Nakashita H, Doi Y, Yamaguchi 1 (2001) Plastid targeting of polyhydroxybutyrate biosynthetic pathway in tobacco. Plant Biotechnol 18 289-293 Arai Y, Nakashita H, Suzuki Y, Kobayashi Y, Shimizu T, Yasuda M, Doi Y, Yamaguchi I (2002) Synthesis of a novel class of polyhydroxyalkanoates in Arabidopsis peroxisomes, and their use in monitoring short-chain-length intermediates of P-oxidation. Plant Cell Physiol 43 555-562... 

Noda I, Green PR, Satkowski MM, Schechtman LA (2005) Preparation and properties of a novel class of polyhydroxyalkanoate copolymers. Biomacromolecules 6 580-586 Omidvar V, Akmar ASN, Marziah M, Maheran AA (2008) A transient assay to evaluate the expression of polyhydroxybutyrate genes regulated by oil palm mesocarp-spedfic promoter. Plant Cell Rep 27 1451-1459... 

Renard E, Poux A, Timbart L, Langlois V, Guilin P (2005) Preparation of a novel aitificial bacterial polyester modified with pendant hydroxyl groups. Biomacromolecules 6 891-896 Renard E, Tanguy PY, Samtiin E, Guerin P (2003a) Synthesis of novel polyhydroxyalkanoates. Macromol Symp 197 11-18... 

Many workers have used PyMS to study the structures of polymers, both natural and artificial. Understanding the performance of polymers in terms of cohesion and substrate adhesion is of immense commercial significance in the paint and adhesive industries. Similarly, the behavior of polymers under stress and when exposed to external factors such as ultraviolet light has been extensively studied by PyMS and is useful in the development of novel materials that have desirable properties, e.g., fire-retardant coatings and biodegradable fibers. There is much interest in polyhydroxyalkanoates as potentially biodegradable plastics, and PyMS has been a principal method used to study thermal degradation profiles of this material. Similarly, in forensic science, PyMS has been used to analyze fibers and to help match samples of automotive finishes to paint chips found at crime scenes. 

Steinbiichel, A. (1991) Polyhydroxyalkanoic acids. In Biomaterials Novel Materials from Biological Sources, pp. 123-213, D. Byrom (Ed.). Stockton Press, New York, NY. 

Biodegradable polymers can be mainly classified as agro-polymers (starch, protein, etc.) and biodegradable polyesters (polyhydroxyalkanoates, poly(lactic acid), etc.). These latter, also called biopolyesters, can be synthesized from fossil resources but main productions can be obtained from renewable resources (Bordes et al. 2009). However for certain applications, biopolyesters cannot be fully competitive with conventional thermoplastics since some of their properties are too weak. Therefore, to extend their applications, these biopolymers have been formulated and associated with nano-sized fillers, which could bring a large range of improved properties (stiffness, permeability, crystallinity, thermal stability). The resulting nano-biocomposites have been the subject of many recent publications. Bordes etal. (2009) analyzed this novel class of materials based on clays, which are nowadays the main nanoflllers used in nanocomposite systems. 

Zhang, X., Luo, R., Wang, Z., Deng, Y., Chen, G., 2009. Application of (R)-3-hydroxyalkanoate methyl esters derived from microbial polyhydroxyalkanoates as novel biofuels. Biomacromolecules 10 (4), 707—711. 

Zhang XJ, Luo RC, Wang Z, Deng Y, Chen GQ (2009) Applications of (R)-i-hydroxyalkanoate methyl esters derived from microbial polyhydroxyalkanoates as novel biofuel. Biomacromolecules 10 707-711... 

Novel Synthesis Routes for Polyhydroxyalkanoic Acids with Unique Properties... 

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