Environmental dependency

Kelly JW (1998) The environmental dependency of protein folding best explains prion and amyloid diseases. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95 930-932. 

A further advantage of these ratios is that they are largely matrix-independent. Measured MCD parameters can depend on the environment through the term ct/n that is included in the collection of constants y. Dj generally has the same environmental dependence as the MCD parameters and it is to be expected that the ratios would be much less sensitive to environmental effects. 

Fluorescence spectra of semiconductor particles originate from the recombination of charge carriers in either a trapped or exdtonic state [578, 579], The former manifests itself in the appearance of a broad and Stokes-shifted band. In contrast, the spectrum, due to exdtonic fluorescence, appears as a sharp band near the absorption onset and is considered to arise from the detrapping of the trapped electrons [579]. The highly environmentally dependent position of the semiconductor emission maxima has been related to semiconductor sizes and size quantization [579]. 

The macroscale behaviour of high specific surface particulate minerals is directly related to microscale interparticle electrical forces, thus, the physical interpretation of electromagnetic wave parameters allows inferring important properties about these materials. Furthermore, the properties of high specific surface particulate materials are environmentally dependent, hence, they are difficult to determine without altering them in the measurement process. In... 

Therefore, the transfer rates and the fractional flow rates are functions of the vector q (/,) and t. The dependence on t may be considered as the exogenous environmental influence of some fluctuating processes. If no environmental dependence exists, it is more likely that the transfer rates and the fractional flow rates depend only on q(t). Nevertheless, since q(t) is a function of time, the... 

The Stillinger-Weber scheme lacks the explicit environmental dependence that was argued to be of importance in our discussion of pair functionals. However, environmental dependence has been accounted for in covalent materials as well. Tersoff (1988) was one of the first to suggest such a scheme, and his total energy... 

While these potentials are notationally complex, they are conceptually simple in terms of the basic physics they incorporate. In particular, potentials of this type invoke both of the new physical ideas presented in this section environmental dependence and angular forces. In particular, the quantity denoted bij guarantees that the interaction between two given atoms will depend upon both the number and disposition of neighboring atoms. For our purposes, the key advantage of the Tersoff potential is its attempt to capture effects which are outside of the purview of more traditional potentials. 

This expression is enlightening in that it reveals that the effective interatomic potentials have inherited the explicit angular dependence of the moments and, further, that the potentials have an environmental dependence that is dictated by the susceptibility dE/djXn. By absorbing the constant terms involving the reference state into our definition of the potentials, the energy of a given state may now be written as... 

Because fluorine-19 NMR resonances exhibit a strong environmental dependence, they provide a probe of redox-dependent conforma-... 

The large environmental dependence of the ll-(3-hexyl-l-indolyl)undecyltri-methylammonium bromide fluorescence lifetime and fluorescence spectrum has led to its continued use as a fluorescence probe for micellar systems.76 Fluorescence-detected circular dichroism, a technique which appears to have considerable potential, has been applied to the determination of the c.d. spectra of L-tryptophan and L-cystine and two macromolecular systems.78... 

In this case, the incremental reactivity is normalized by the reactivities of a suite of organics, thus removing much of the environmental dependencies found when using IRs defined by [ 17.4.11 ]. This metric provides a means for directly comparing individual compounds to each other in terms of their likely impact on ozone. 

Wu Q, Sun SQ, Yu PHF, Chen AXZ, Chen GQ (2000) Environmental dependence of microbial synthesis of polyhydroxyalkanoates. Acta Polym Sin 6 751-756 Wu LP, Cheng ST, Chen GQ, Xu KT (2008) Synthesis, characterization and biocompatibihty of novel biodegradable poly[((R)-3-hydroxybutyrate)-block-(D,L-lactide)-block-(epsilon-caprolactone)] triblock copolymers. Polym Int 57 939-949... 

In order to discuss the temperature-induced spin-fluctuations in small Feyv and Niyv clusters we consider the low-temperature limit of the local free-energy F/( ) (Eq. (16)). For these clusters one always obtains AF/( ) = Fy( ) — F/( = /jl ) > 0, which indicates, as expected, that the ferromagnetic order is stable at low temperatures. Comparing the behavior of AF/( ) for different atoms i within the ferromagnetic cluster provides useful information concerning the stability of the local magnetizations and its environmental dependence. 

Noncovalent Simple technique and easy recover of carrier. High immobihzation yield. Drawback enzyme activity is environmentally dependent, poor enzyme recycle. 42,93... 

Figure 5. Environmental dependence of the first Cotton effect (A - 375 nm) of the polyacetylenes bearing L-amino acid pendants. Concentration of sodium hydroxide in water (Na0H/H20) 0.2 M.

The behavior in regions 1 and 11 was explained using the earher stress corrosion theory of Charles and Hillig [10]. The environmental dependence of the crack velocity arises from the dependence of the activation on the chemical potential of the water vapor in the gas. 

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