POLYGLYCIDYL

The boric and sulfuric acids are recycled to a HBF solution by reaction with CaF2. As a strong acid, fluoroboric acid is frequently used as an acid catalyst, eg, in synthesizing mixed polyol esters (29). This process provides an inexpensive route to confectioner s hard-butter compositions which are substitutes for cocoa butter in chocolate candies (see Chocolate and cocoa). Epichlorohydrin is polymerized in the presence of HBF for eventual conversion to polyglycidyl ethers (30) (see Chlorohydrins). A more concentrated solution, 61—71% HBF, catalyzes the addition of CO and water to olefins under pressure to form neo acids (31) (see Carboxylic acids). 

In the 1960s, CIBA Products Co. marketed and manufactured glycidylated o-cresol novolak resins, which had been developed by Koppers Co. as high temperature-resistant polymers. Dow offered glycidylated phenol novolak resins, SheU introduced polyglycidyl ethers of tetrafunctional phenols, and Union Carbide developed a triglycidyl p- am in oph en o1 resin. 

Polyglycidyl-2,2-Dinitro-2-Fluoroethyl Ether Binder for Explosives. 

Polyglycidyl Nit rata (Polyurethane) Propellants (PGN). A series of proplnt compns developed by both JPL of Cal Tech and the Aerojet-General Corp in the late 1950 s (Refs 2 3), using as the binder fuel a polyurethane resin prepd from PGN. JPL used either Amm Nitrate or Amm Perchlorate as the oxidizer (Ref 2), while Aerojet used Amm Perchlorate with plasticizers such as 4-Nitrazapentanonitrile (NPN) and 2,2-Pentanoate (TNENP) in a plasticizer-to-binder wt ratio of 0.6 (Ref 3). 

G110-R under Glycide Nitrate Polyglycidyl Nitrate (PGN)... 

Refs 1) Beil 17, 106, [105] 1015 la) W.J. Murlack et al, Polyglycidyl Nitrate-Part 1. . , NAVDRD Report 2028-Part 1, NOTS 685 (1953) lb) J.G. Meitner et al, Polyglycidyl Nitrate-Part 2. . NAVORD Report 2028-Part 2, NOTS 686 (1953)... 

III Polyglycidyl compound of bisphenol A (abbreviated PGCBA) epoxide equivalent 0.137 kg/mol. 

The diglycidyl ether (DGEBA) and the polyglycidyl compound (PGCBA) were mixed and heated to about 120 °C. The stoichiometric amount of bisphenol A was dissolved in the resin and, after cooling to about 60 °C, 0,1% by weight of 2-ethyl-4-methyl-imidazol was added to the mixture. The well stirred composition was degassed in a vacuum oven in order to remove trapped air. Afterwards, the reactive mixture was poured into preheated moulds and cured for two hours at 140 °C followed by two hours at 180 °C. 

The help of many collegues is gratefully acknowledged The polyglycidyl compound was synthesized by Dr. Ch. Monnier. Ms. Ch. Irrgang and Dr. J. Vogt studied visco-elasticity and Dr. W. Sieber provided results on the density of the polymers. Mr. D. Martin and Mr. P. Rohrbasser assisted the experimental work. 

Epichlorohydrin is reacted with a variety of hydroxy, carboxy, and amino compounds to form monomers with two or more epoxide groups, and these monomers are then used in the reaction with bisphenol A [Lohse, 1987]. Examples are the diglycidyl derivative of cyclohex-ane-l,2-dicarboxylic acid, the triglycidyl derivatives of p-aminophenol and cyanuric acid, and the polyglycidyl derivative of phenolic prepolymers. Epoxidized diolefins are also employed (Sec. 9-8). 

Epoxy novolac resins are polyglycidyl ethers of a novolac resin. They are prepared by reacting epichlorohydrin with a novolac resin (see Chap. 2). The most common epoxy novolacs are based on medium-MW molecules with phenol and o-cresol novolacs. They generally have significantly different properties from DGEB A epoxies because of the presence of the phenolic structure. 

Most reactive diluents are mono- or difunctional. They are made by reacting epichloro-hydrin with an alcohol, a phenol, or a polyol to produce a mono- or polyglycidyl ether resin. However, there are some nonepoxy diluents that are used as well. These nonepoxy diluents generally react with the curing agent or other functional groups in the epoxy chain. 

The reaction of polyols with epichlorohydrin produces polyglycidyl ethers, such as butanediol diglycidyl ether. These are only slightly less effective viscosity reducers than butyl glycidyl ether, but they are less volatile and contribute less to worker irritation problems. They also produce less loss in physical properties. 

FIGURE 6.6 Top Reaction of a polyol with epichlorohydrin to produce a mono- or polyglycidyl ether resin. Bottom Reaction of an acid with epichlorohydrin to form glycidyl ethers.12... 

Polyglycidyl ether of l,l,2,2-tetrakis-(4-hydroxyl phenyl) ethane Tetrahydrofuran Solid epoxy resin Polyvinyl formal resin Aluminum dust Diaminodiphenyl sulfone 80 55 20 10 100 24.5... 

Reactive diluents can be used to reduce the modulus and increase the elongation of the cured waterborne epoxy formulations just as they are often used for 100 percent solids and solvent-borne epoxy adhesives. The reactive diluents become codispersed in the formulation with mechanical and chemical stability similar to that of the base epoxy emulsion. Polyglycidyl ether of caster oil, phenyl glycidyl ether, and diglycidyl ether of neophenyl glycol are examples of mono- and difunctional reactive diluents that have been used to improve flexibility and increase the tack-free time of waterborne epoxy adhesives. 

Fig. 15. Viscoelastic behavior of isocyanurate-oxazoiidone resins51). DEN 431 (polyglycidyl ether of phenol-formaldehyde novolac Dow Chemical Co.), EP 4080 (2,2-bis[p-(2,3-epoxypropyloxy)cyclo-hexane]propane Asahi Denka, Ltd.), EP 871 (diglycidyl ester of linoleic dimer acid Shell Chemical Co.), and L-MDI (modified diphenylmethane-4,4 -diisocyanate Desmodur CD Bater AG)...

Sanderson [1] and Highsmith [2] prepared glycidyl nitrate and subsequently converted it into polyglycidyl nitrate (I) using calcium hydride and boron trifluoride. 

CIM disk BIA (Slovenia) Monolithic rods, disks, mbes Polyglycidyl lEX, RP, AF... 

Resin. Polyglycidyl compounds with at least two epoxide groups per molecule, such as polyglycidylether on a base of novolak, bisphenol A, bisphenol F etc., are generally suitable as EP-resin components. Our tests were carried out with epoxidized novolaks (epoxide number between 0.5 and 0.6) and total halogen contents < 0.1 % by weight. 

Although the polyglycidyl compounds are more difficult to produce, Interox has developed a peracid based method and a metal catalysed H202 method which both give good results. 

Petrie-Marshall (P-M) model 977, 981, 989-992 PGMA (Polyglycidyl methacrylate)366 Phase behavior... 

The epoxide groups of a polyglycidyl methacrylate-co-ethylene dimethacrylate monolith readily react with diethylamine to create a weak anion exchange column. This monolithic column is characterized by fast mass transport kinetics leading to excellent resolution. The columns seem to be stable, and the specific capacity is 40-mg/g medium for ovalbumin [60,62]. More recently, graft polymerization within... 

Numata and Kinjo (52) have shown rubber-modified isocyanurate-oxazolidone resins may be effectively modified with carboxyl-reactive nitrile liquids. The viscoelastic behavior of models using a polyglycidyl ether of phenol-formaldehyde novolac resin and di-phenylmethane-4,4 -diisocyanate is discussed. Such resins have suggested utility in thin films as electrical varnishes. 

Zhou J, Yu H et al (2003) Research progress on synthesis of the polyglycidyl ether nitrate. Chem Propellants Polym Mater 1(6) 9-12... 

Chem. Descrip. Epoxy cresylic novolac resin (polyglycidyl ether of o-cresol novolac)... 

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