Polyglucoside surfactants

Cleaning composition for manual dishwashing comprises cationic, ethoxylated nonionic, amine oxide, and alkyl polyglucoside surfactants... 

Balzer D and H Luders, Nonionic Surfactants Alkyl Polyglucosides, Surfactant Science Series, Vol. 91, Marcel Dekker, New York, 2000. 

Nonionic Surfactants Alkyl Polyglucosides, edited by Dieter Balzer and Ha raid Luders... 

The octyl polyglucoside 93 (Scheme 21), a nonionic surfactant, having a degree of polymerization of 1.37, was also prepared in nearly quantitative yield by reaction... 

SPECTROMETRY—IV. NON-IONIC SURFACTANTS LC-MS OF ALKYL POLYGLUCOSIDES AND ALKYL GLUCAMIDES... 

Alkyl polyglucosides (APG) and alkyl glucamides (AG) are non-ionic surfactants produced on the basis of renewable feedstocks such as glucose and fatty alcohols, which are derived from starch and palm oil, respectively. 

The development of an easy-to-handle method for the qualitative and quantitative determination of surfactants in consumer products was the goal for applying ESI in the FIA-MS(+/—) mode by direct infusion into the mass spectrometer. In this way Ci2, Ci4, Ci6 and Ci8 ASs could be determined besides other anionics (LASs, alkylcarboxylates), nonionics (alkyl polyglucosides (APGs)) and cationics (quats and ester-quats). The methods applied for concentration and determination (MS-MS) helped to identify the compounds and in addition deuterated internal standards were applied for confirmation [57]. 

Quite often the most crucial parameter for SPE of compounds for which no enrichment techniques for environmental samples can be found in the literature is the selection of the proper SPE material. For example, during extraction of the two non-ionic surfactants, alkyl glucamides (AGs) and alkyl polyglucosides (APGs) from a spiked WWTP effluent (5 xgL-1) using RP-C18 cartridges, it was found that this material was unsuitable for quantitative enrichment (recovery <30%). Satisfactory results were obtained using PS-DVB material (Lichrolut EN) [45] (Table 3.1.2). 

Alkyl polyglucoside carboxylate (INCI-name Sodium Lauryl Glucose Carboxylate (and) Lauryl Glucoside, Plantapon LGC SORB) is a new anionic surfactant with excellent performance for personal care cleansing applications. In shampoo and shower bath formulations the anionic surfactant shows a good foaming behavior. In body wash applications it improves sensorial effects. These properties make Plantapon LGC SORB suitable for several cosmetic applications, e.g., mild facial wash gel, mild baby shampoo, mild body wash for sensitive skin, wet wipes, and special sulfate-free shampoo applications. 

Figure 1 summarizes the significant structural features of four classes of nonionic surfactants discussed in this paper. These are simplified representations of commercial surfactants which contain varying hydrophobe and hydrophile chain lengths. The hydrophiles are represented as polyoxyethylene chains, although such hydrophiles as polyglucosides and polyoxypropylene/polyoxyethylene chains are used to a lesser extent. 

Steber, J, W. Guhl, N. Stelter, and F.R. Schroder. 1995. Alkyl polyglucosides—ecological evaluation of a new generation of nonionic surfactants. Tenside Surf. Deterg. 32, 515-521. 

The most common nonionic surfactants are those based on ethylene oxide, referred to as ethoxylated surfactants. Several classes can be distinguished alcohol ethoxylates, alkyl phenol ethoxylates, fatty acid ethoxylates, sorbitan ester ethoxylates, fatty amine ethoxylates, and ethylene oxide-propylene oxide copolymers (sometimes referred to as polymer surfactants). Another important class of nonionics are the multihydroxy products such as glycol esters, glycerol (and polyglycerol) esters, glucosides (and polyglucosides), and sucrose esters. Amine oxides and sulfinyl surfactants represent nonionic with a small head group. 

The industrial pro cess is b ased on the Fischer synthesis and commercial development work started some 25 years ago. Once a route using coconut-based alcohols had been established, full-scale plants became viable and alcohol blends are now used to control hydrophobicity of the molecules produced. Thus, products based on C8 alcohols are water soluble and those based on C18 are virtually insoluble. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) values of pure alkyl glucosides and CulCu alkyl polyglucoside (APG) are comparable with those of a typical non-ionic surfactant and decrease with increasing alkyl chain length. 

Uppgard L, Sjostrom M, Wold S. Multivariate quantitative structure-activity relationships for the aquatic toxicity of alkyl polyglucosides. Tenside, Surfactants, Detergents 2000 37(2) 131-8. 

Ltiders H (1987) Technical processes for manufacturing alkyl polyglucosides. In BalzerD, Harald L (eds) Nonionic surfactants - alkyl polyglucosides. Marcel Dekker, New York and Basel... 

Surfactants anionics sodium lauryl ether sulfate (SLES) and sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) amphoteric cocamidopropyl betaine (CAPB) nonionic alkyl polyglucoside (APG). 

In the following examples some of the matrix effects observed between rheology modifiers and different surfactants are illustrated. The case of a crosslinked ASE polymer in the presence of a nonionic alkyl polyglucoside (APG) surfactant is shown in Figure 5.6. The rheological profiles of the polymer in different concentrations of APG are very similar to those of the aqueous polymer results, indicating that the surfactant has very little effect on the rheological behavior of the ASE polymer. 

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