Polyethyleneimine polymers

Used industrially to cross-link hydroxylic polymers, polyethyleneimine. Possesses some carcinogenic properties. Polyethyleneimine is a hygroscopic liquid used in paper manufacture to confer wet strength and in textiles, alkylated derivatives also form useful polymers. 

Polyamines can also be made by reaction of ethylene dichloride with amines (18). Products of this type are sometimes formed as by-products in the manufacture of amines. A third type of polyamine is polyethyleneimine [9002-98-6] which can be made by several routes the most frequently used method is the polymeriza tion of azitidine [151 -56 ] (18,26). The process can be adjusted to vary the amount of branching (see Imines, cyclic). Polyamines are considerably lower in molecular weight compared to acrylamide polymers, and therefore their solution viscosities are much lower. They are sold commercially as viscous solutions containing 1—20% polymer, and also any by-product salts from the polymerization reaction. The charge on polyamines depends on the pH of the medium. They can be quaternized to make their charge independent of pH (18). 

The polymerization of A/-(2-tetrahydropyranyl)aziridine with subsequent hydrolysis of the resulting polymers has been described as an alternative route for the synthesis of linear polyethyleneimine (359). Linear polyethyleneimine, in contrast to branched polyethyleneimines, is only sparingly soluble in water at room temperature. 

The Jordi polyethyleneimine phase has been developed in an attempt to block adsorptive effects of the PDVB surfaces toward cationic polymers such as chitosan and quaternary water-soluble flocculants (Fig. 13.17). 

Alpert and Regnier [37] found that polyethyleneimine (PEI, M = 600) was readily adsorbed by various porous silicas from a methanol solution. After the reversibly adsorbed portion of the polymer was washed out, the content of... 

Fluorescent nanotubes of polyethyleneimine (PEI) and 3,4,9,10-perylenetetra-carboxylicdianhydride (PTCDA) have been prepared through the alternating deposition of polymers and small functional molecules that form covalent bonds (Figure 7.10) [ 120]. The nanotube synthesis starts with the deposition of P EI in the pores of an AAO membrane as the first layer. The PTCDA solutionis then used to bind to the PEI via covalent bonding (Figure 7.10). The electro-optical properties of the small molecule (PTCDA) are retained in the multilayer films of PEI/PTCDA. The prepared nanotubes retain their fluorescent properties for up to 10 months without... 

A wide range of additives can also be introduced into the sol-gel matrices in order to modulate the hydrophobicity of the materials and to improve enzyme stability, activity and accessibility, leading to hybrid or even composite sol-gel matrices. Polymers [157,179,180] such as polyethyleneglycol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinylalcohol, polyglycidol, polyethyleneimine, polyacrylate have been simultaneously entrapped with enzymes in a siloxane matrix, as well as organic additives (sugar, amino add)... 

Polyethyleneimine-Epichlorohydrin Modified, 20 kDa 634 1.0-5.0 Scientific Polymer Products, Ontario, NY... 

Polymers BA Butylacrylate, CHP 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl, DADMAC Diallyldimethylammonium chloride, DMAEA Dimethylaminoethylacrylate,DMAEM Dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate, EM Epichlorohydrin Modified, EIMAOETMAC Hydroxymethacryloxyethyltrimethylammoniumc chloride, MAOEDMAC Methacryloxyethyldimethylammonium chloride, MAOETMAC Methacryloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride, MDMAEM Methyldimethylaminoethylacrylate, M2VP l-methyl-2-vinylpyridinium bromide,M4VP l-methyl-4-vinylpyridinium bromide,NIPAM N-isopropylacrylamide,PEI Polyethyleneimine, Q Quaternary, VBTMAC Vinylbenzyltrimethylammonium chlroide,VP Vinylpyridinium. 

Alginate/Heparin Protamine sulfate/ Polyethyleneimine/ Calcium Chloride Heparin/Protamine sulfate form the primary complex polymer alginate is the precasting polymer protamine sulfate is the small polycation. 25... 

They are hydrophobic and resistant to hydrolysis because of their hydrophobic nature. This change to a hydrophobic nature is positive for applications requiring water stability, resistance and repellency and is typical of most water soluble polymers (such as poly(acrylic acid), polyethyleneimine and poly(vinyl alcohol)... 

The first section, Chemical Reactions on Polymers, deals with aspects of chemical reactions occurring on polymers—aspects relating to polymer size, shape, and composition are described in detail. One of the timely fields of applications comprises the use of modified polymers as catalysts (such as the immobilization of centers for homogeneous catalysis). This topic is considered in detail in Chapters 2, 3, 8, 9, and 11 and dealt with to a lesser extent in other chapters. The use of models and neighboring group effect(s) is described in detail. The modification of polymers for chemical and physical change is also described in detail in Chapters 2 (polystyrene) 4 (polyvinyl chloride) 5 (polyacrylic acid, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethyleneimine, and polyacrylamide) 6 (polyimides) 7 (polyvinyl alcohol) 8 (polystyrene sulfonate and polyvinylphosphonate) 10 (polyacrylamide) and 12 (organotin carboxylates). 

Fluorescence resonance energy transfer has also been used for ionic strength measurements.(95) Fluorescein labeled dextran (donor) and polyethyleneimine-Texas Red (acceptor) were placed behind a dialysis membrane. The polymer association is ionic strength dependent and the ratio of intensities (F o/Fw) was used as the measured parameter. Since both the donor and acceptor are fluorescent, this kind of sensor may allow expand the sensitive ionic strength range by shifts in observation wavelength, as was discussed for pH probe Carboxy SNAFL-2 (see Section 10.3). 

A new type of CEC column has been prepared with a charged polymer layer on the inner wall of the capillary and a neutral monolith as the bulk stationary phase (Figure 12). After silanization of the capillary wall, polyethyleneimine was covalently bound to the wall, to provide charged moieties. 

V. Catalysts Based on Polyethyleneimine A Branched Synthetic Polymer.. 215... 

Polyethyleneimine is also extensively cyclized as a result of intramolecular nucleophilic attack of primary and secondary amines on the iminium group. This results in cyclic oligomer as well as polymer molecules containing large-sized rings as part of their structure. 

In principle, one can obtain an unbranched polyethyleneimine by saponifying the amide groups that are located on the polymer (Example 5-4). It is important to note that the ring-opening polymerization of aziridine does not yield linear polyethyleneimines but rather highly branched polymer structmes. 

The polymer can readily be hydrolized yielding a linear polyethyleneimine (see Example 5-4). 

Oliveira GB, Eilho JLL, Chaves MEC, Azevedo WM, Carvalho LB (2008) Enzyme immobilization on anodic aluminium oxide/polyethyleneimine or polyaniline composites. React Fund Polym 68(l) 27-32... 

Gold nanoparticles can also be stabilized using polymers that do not have specific functional groups through physisorption. Among the possible stabilizers, the polymers used most often to stabilize Au NPs are the water soluble polymers poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP), polyethylene glycol) (PEG), poly(vinyl pyridine), poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), poly(vinyl methyl ether) (PVME), and polyelectrolytes such as PAA, chitosan, polyethyleneimine (PEI) or poly(diallyl dimethylammonium) chloride (PDDA) [99]. 

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