Hygroscopic liquid

Used industrially to cross-link hydroxylic polymers, polyethyleneimine. Possesses some carcinogenic properties. Polyethyleneimine is a hygroscopic liquid used in paper manufacture to confer wet strength and in textiles, alkylated derivatives also form useful polymers. 

HOCHj CHjOH. Colourless, odourless, rather viscous hygroscopic liquid having a sweet taste, b.p. 197 C. Manufactured from ethylene chlorohydrin and NaHC03 solution, or by the hydration of ethylene oxide with dilute sulphuric acid or water under pressure at 195°C. Used in anti-freezes and coolants for engines (50 %) and in manufacture of polyester fibres (e.g. Terylene) and in the manufacture of various esters used as plasticizers. U.S. production 1979 1 900 000 tonnes. 

Physical Properties. All colourless liquids, completely miscible with water, except benzyl alcohol and cyclohexanol, which are slightly soluble. Pure glycol and glycerol have high viscosity, which falls as the hygroscopic liquids absorb water from the air. 

An extremely pure product results, when difluorochloro methane or difluoro-dichloro methane are used as solvents (79). Dichlorophosphoric acid is a fluid, colourless, very hygroscopic liquid, which is easily soluble in CHCI3, CCI4, Ethanol and Ether (6). In the liquid phase it is stable for some time at room temperature, whereas at 12 Torr there is no sign of decomposition up to 250 °C (6). According to the Raman spectra in the liquid it is dimeric in analogy to the carboxylic acids (20) ... 

The purified tetraethyl pyrophosphate is a colorless, odorless, water-soluble, hygroscopic liquid (24, 4 )- It possesses a very high acute toxicity (28), exceeding that of parathion, and is rapidly absorbed through the skin. There is no spray-residue problem, however, for tetraethyl pyrophosphate hydrolyzes even in the absence of alkali to nontoxic diethyl phosphoric acid. Hall and Jacobson (24) and Toy (47) have measured its rate of hydrolysis, which is a first-order reaction. Its half-life at 25° C. is 6.8 hours and at 38° C. is 3.3 hours. Coates (10) determined the over-all velocity constant at 25° C. k = 160 [OH-] + 1.6 X 10 3 min.-1 Toy (47) has described an elegant method for preparing this ester as well as other tetraalkyl pyrophosphates, based upon the controlled hydrolysis of 2 moles of dialkyl chlorophosphate ... 

Pale yellow hygroscopic liquid with an ammonia odor. This material is hazardous through inhalation, skin absorption, penetration through broken skin, and ingestion, and produces local skin/eye impacts. 

Clear, colorless to slightly yellow hygroscopic liquid with the odor of rotting flesh. Various salts have been reported. 

Dimethyl sulphoxide is a highly hygroscopic liquid and is miscible with water. Its m.p. is 18.5° and b.p. 189°C. It is one of those versatile compounds which is a solvent not only for many organic compounds but many inorganic salts as well. 

It is an odourless, colourless, hygroscopic liquid, completely miscible with water in which it is hydrolysed at an appreciable rate with the loss of fluorine and loss of toxicity. It is about three times as toxic as tabun to most animal species. Its boiling-point, 147° with decomposition, classifies it as a semi-persistent gas. It is hydrolysed extremely rapidly by dilute aqueous... 

Glycerol is a colorless, odorless, viscous (syrupy), nontoxic and hygroscopic liquid with a very sweet taste its etymologic roots stem from the Greek glykys, sweet. Pure glycerol (1,2,3-propanetriol) is a trihydric alcohol with a specific gravity of 265 at 15 °C. Below 0 °C it solidifies to a white crystalline mass, which melts at... 

Clear, colorless to pale yellow, viscous, hygroscopic liquid with a camphor-like odor. A detection odor threshold concentration of 64 pg/m (155 ppbv) was reported by Punter (1983). 

Colorless, hygroscopic liquid with a nauseating, ammonia-like odor. Experimentally determined detection and recognition odor threshold concentrations were 50 pg/m (11 ppbv) and 190 pg/m (40 ppbv), respectively (Heilman and Small, 1974). 

Clear, colorless, volatile, slight viscous, hygroscopic liquid with a sweet, ammonia-like odor. The average least detectable odor threshold concentrations in water at 60 °C and in air at 40 °C were 12 and 52 mg/L, respectively (Alexander et al., 1982). 

Quinoline 238 -15.0 A colourless hygroscopic liquid with a strong odour... 

Isoquinoline 242 26-28 A colourless hygroscopic liquid at room temperature with a penetrating, unpleasant odour. 

The chemistry of the quinoline heterocycle has already been discussed in Chapter 4. Any alkaloid that possesses a quinoline, i.e. 1-azanaphthalene, 1-benzazine, or benzo[b]pyridine, skeleton is known as a quinoline alkaloid, e.g. quinine. Quinoline itself is a colourless hygroscopic liquid with strong odour, and slightly soluble in water, but readily miscible with organic solvents. Quinoline is toxic. Short term exposure to the vapour of quinoline causes irritation of the nose, eyes, and throat, dizziness and nausea. It may also cause liver damage. 

Isoquinohne itself is a colourless hygroscopic liquid at room temperature. It has an unpleasant odour. It is slightly soluble in water but well soluble in ethanol, acetone, ether and other common organic solvents. Isoquinohne is a weak base with a pK of 8.6. 

Chemical and physical properties of the pure substance [a) Description Flammable, hygroscopic liquid. Fumes in air and gradually turns... 

It is better prepared by saturating a solution of sulpliuryl chloride in 15 to 20 times its volume of chloroform with ammonia and shaking the product with water until the precipitate has dissolved. The aqueous solution, after boiling with lead oxide or silver oxide to remove chlorine and filtering, yields a viscid, hygroscopic liquid on evaporation.2... 

Vanadium Oxytribromide, VOBr3, is produced when pure, dry bromine is passed over vanadous oxide, V2Os, heated to redness. Yellowish-white vapours are evolved which condense to a deep red, hygroscopic liquid, density 2-9673 at 0° C. It decomposes slowly at ordinary temperatures into vanadyl dibromide and bromine, but distils without decomposition at 130° to 136° C. under 100 mm. pressure. It is much less stable than vanadyl dibromide, VOBra.a... 

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