Diallyldimethylammonium chloride DADMAC

Copolymers from the monomers AMPS, diallyldimethylammonium chloride (DADMAC), N-vinyl-N-methylacetamide (VIMA), acrylamides, and acrylates are particularly useful for fluid loss additives [824]. The molecular weights of the copolymers range from 200,000 to 1,000,000 Dalton. The copolymers are used in suspensions of solids in aqueous systems, including saline, as water binders. In these systems, the water release to a formation is substantially reduced by the addition of one or more of these copolymers. 

The importance of intramolecular cyclization was emphasized when Butler and coworkers found that the radical polymerization of N, N, N, /V-diallyldimethylammonium chloride (DADMAC) gave soluble, uncrosslinked polymers with little or no unsaturation (Eq. 6-101) [Butler and Angelo, 1957 Butler and Ingley, 1951 Wandrey et al., 1999]. There is a very low tendency for radical IV to propagate intermolecularly and undergo crosslinking. The predominant reaction is intramolecular cyclization, and the product is a linear product with cyclic structures in the backbone. The reaction is referred to as alternating intra/intermolecular polymerization or cyclopolymerization. 

Polymers of N, N, N, A-diallyldimethylammonium chloride (DADMAC) (and its copolymers with acrylamide) are allyl resins in terms of the monomers used but are very different in properties since they are not crosslinked. Cyclopolymerization is the mode of reaction (Sec. 6-6b) and the polymers are water-soluble. Applications include potable and wastewater treatment (flocculation aid) and paper and textile industries (antistatic coating, reinforcement, color removal). 

Poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) was the first quaternary ammonium polymer approved for potable water clarification by the United States Public Health Service, and has historically been the most widely produced cationic polyelectrolyte. There have been several studies on the kinetics (26-37) and uses of diallyldimethylammonium chloride (DADMAC) (38-45) however, there have been no investigations in inverse microsuspension, the most common industrial method of polymerization. Furthermore, there is considerable disagreement between published reactivity ratios, probably because no satisfactory analytical methods have been described in the literature for residual monomer concentration or copolymer composition. For other commercially important quaternary ammonium polymers, such as dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate and dimethylaminoethyl acrylate, few kinetic data are available (46-51) only Tanaka (37) measured the reactivity ratios. 

Polymers BA Butylacrylate, CHP 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl, DADMAC Diallyldimethylammonium chloride, DMAEA Dimethylaminoethylacrylate,DMAEM Dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate, EM Epichlorohydrin Modified, EIMAOETMAC Hydroxymethacryloxyethyltrimethylammoniumc chloride, MAOEDMAC Methacryloxyethyldimethylammonium chloride, MAOETMAC Methacryloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride, MDMAEM Methyldimethylaminoethylacrylate, M2VP l-methyl-2-vinylpyridinium bromide,M4VP l-methyl-4-vinylpyridinium bromide,NIPAM N-isopropylacrylamide,PEI Polyethyleneimine, Q Quaternary, VBTMAC Vinylbenzyltrimethylammonium chlroide,VP Vinylpyridinium. 

Diallyldimethylammonium chloride is exclusively synthesized from dimethyl-amine (DMA) and allylchloride, although other methods, such as the synthesis starting with diallyl aminocyanide, have been elaborated [2]. From the DMA process monomers varying in quality are produced. Therefore, the selection of the monomer synthesis procedure primarily depends on the desired purity of the final product. Generally, three qualities of DADMAC can be produced ... 

Fig. 4. Comparison of the concentration dependencies of the densities of aqueous salt solutions and DADMAC solutions (x NaCl, T=20 °C O tetramethylammonium bromide, T=20°C diallyldimethylammonium chloride, T=20°C diallyldimethylammonium chloride, T=35 °C) (Data taken from [32])...

Table 2. Data of NMRXH spectroscopy for calculation of mole shares of co-monomers DADMAC (Mi) and VP (M2) in poly (diallyldimethylammonium chloride)-...

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