Polyester fiber activation

Antlblaze 19. Antiblaze 19 (Mobil), a flame retardant for polyester fibers (134), is a nontoxic mixture of cycHc phosphonate esters. Antiblaze 19 is 100% active, whereas Antiblaze 19T is a 93% active, low viscosity formulation for textile use. Both are miscible with water and are compatible with wetting agents, thickeners, buffers, and most disperse dye formulations. Antiblaze 19 or 19T can be diffused into 100% polyester fabrics by the Thermosol process for disperse dyeing and printing. This requires heating at 170—220°C for 30—60 s. 

Rubber. The mbber industry consumes finely ground metallic selenium and Selenac (selenium diethyl dithiocarbamate, R. T. Vanderbilt). Both are used with natural mbber and styrene—butadiene mbber (SBR) to increase the rate of vulcanization and improve the aging and mechanical properties of sulfudess and low sulfur stocks. Selenac is also used as an accelerator in butyl mbber and as an activator for other types of accelerators, eg, thiazoles (see Rubber chemicals). Selenium compounds are useflil as antioxidants (qv), uv stabilizers, (qv), bonding agents, carbon black activators, and polymerization additives. Selenac improves the adhesion of polyester fibers to mbber. 

Applications of radiation grafting in the coating industry for improving adhesion and other properties has been an active field. For instance, grafting of styrene onto polyester fibers was found to improve the interfa-cial adhesion between grafted chopped polyester fibers and polystyrene used as a matrix [139]. 

Figure 7. Section of a tubular plate a, lead-alloy spine (grid) b, active material (PbOz) c, tube, (in this example, fabric of polyester fibers) d, bottom seal of plastic caps.

Mkrofiber or microdenier fiber has become important in the fashion industry. The reason for this is the fine size of microfiber. It is finer than any natural textile fiber such as silk, wool, etc. Microfibers are nothing but polyester fibers with diameter <5 xm (or less than 1 den). Such fineness allows more filaments to be packed in the yarn. Fabrics using such tightly bundled filaments are said to have a buttery texture like velour or washed silk. They also have the desirable characteristics of polyester, namely wrinkle-resistance and durability. Such fabrics are used in men s wear, women s wear, rainwear, active wear and home furnishings. 

Is a liquid self-emulsifying nonionic cyclic carrier which again produces excellent color value in the dyeing of polyester fibers. This material is considered non-toxic. This material differs from the above carriers insofar as the active materials are of a different cyclic nature. 

The tissue response to PPy-coated polyester fibers was investigated by Alikacem et al. [117], PPy-coated and -uncoated polyester fibers were implanted subcutaneously in rats for several days with the results revealing a more persistent tissue reaction for the most conducting PPy-coated material and a shorter acute tissue response as the surface resistance increased. Blood monocyte activation studies of tissue response to the implanted PPy-coated polyester indicated that the thickness of the PPy coating, which correlates with the conductivity, was directly related to the tissue response. The best result for the PPy-coated polyester fiber (i.e., lowest tissue response) was similar to the tissue response results for the uncoated material. The authors identified the PPy-coated polyester fiber as a suitable candidate for further studies. 

Heat and usually pressure are needed to fix the transferred or directly printed pattern into the textile substrate. For sublimating dyes, heat activates sublimation with the dye particles transforming from solid to gaseous form, easily penetrating into the fibers, often with pressure helping to force the particles into the spaces in the polyester fibers,... 

Qi et al. (2007) used low temperature oxygen plasma (LTP) to functionalize polyester fibers. The authors observed that the functionalization remarkably improved the wettability of polyester fibers. Anatase Ti02 was coated onto these activated polyester fibers. The authors concluded that the anatase Ti02-coated LTP-treated polyester fibers exhibited antimicrobial activity, self-cleaning ability, and UV protection capacity. ... 

The dimethylbenzenes are important solvents and feedstocks for polyester fibers and dyes. Benzene and many other aromatic hydrocarbons have been shown to have carcinogenic (cancer-causing) activity. 

Many other one-step adhesive dips for polyester fibers have been patented over the last 15 years. The adhesion activating agents in the RFL dip are usually based on isocyanates or cyanurates such as triallyl cyanurate, triphenyl cyanurate, etc. Other agents are also used based on condensation polymers similar to that used in Pexul. A more detailed discussion on this subject is given in Rubber Chemistry and Technology, Vol. 58, No. 3 (1985). 

Table 4. Composition of Finish Soiution Used to Activate Polyester Fiber Surface During Spinning.

Subsequently numerous other attempts were made to activate the surface of polyester fibers during the melt spinning operation and thus eliminate the necessity for double dipping the cord. Most of these cord finishes were based on epoxides and silanes. Again blocked isocyanates and cyanurates were popular additions to the fiber finishes during melt spinning. 

With few exceptions, all substances with an antimicrobial effect as well as those which are used for textile finishing are non-water-soluble. One exception is the cation-active and very thermostable poly-(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB), which is available in the form of an aqueous solution, e.g. Sanitized T 96-04. Unfortunately however, PHMB is unsuitable for finishing most synthetic fibers, for the reason that it exhibits practically no adhesive power with polyamide or polyester fibers. 

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