Active carbon black

Fig. 9. Concentration dependences of yield stress for low- and high-molecular poly(isobutylene)s filled by highly active carbon black...

Amount of deposited material - Table 4 shows the deposited weight measured with thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) for the different carbon black types after polyacetylene deposition at 27 Pa monomer pressure, 250 W power, and 1 h treatment time. These values show that the most active carbon black is the fullerene soot EP-P434. 

N330 82 102 Tire treads, tire carcasses (blended with less active carbon blacks), tire sidewalls, mechanical rubber goods... 

The study of this effect in our laboratory proved that high active carbon black, when mixed in low concentrations with polyethylene, colored the polyethylene to ruby and brown shades. Using surface-active agents to enhance its despersion, PVC compounds could also be colored to similar shades. To prepare a reference color chart, glass standards containing different amounts of carbon proved convenient. 

The carbon black industry is also working on new grades which will offer rolling resistant tires. Two types of carbon black have been tested super-active carbon blacks and inversion blacks. Both types give promising results. 

This work provides the comparison of palladium deposition-precipitation and ion exchange on functionalised or non functionalised carbon blacks or Ti02. Results show that functionalisation is mandatory for ion exchange, but that active carbon black supported noble metal catalysts can be prepared witiiout functionalisation using deposition-precipitation. 

The aim of this work is thus to study the role of active phase precursor-support interactions in deposition-precipitation in an attempt to propose a preparation method avoiding the carbon black activation. The effect of carbon activation on deposition and ion exchange of palladium will be compared. A comparison of deposition-precipitation on two supports showing very different affinity towards noble metal, namely a non activated carbon black and TiOa, will be also provided. 

In this paper, a first attempt to use deposition-precipitation in order to prepare Pd catalysts supported on non-activated carbon black is presented. As shown, the results obtained are, in terms of loading and dispersion, almost equivalent to those obtained with an IE on an activated support. Deposition-precipitation can thus certainly be a useful preparation method. 

This chapter begins with a general description of the several strategies to het-erogenize transition-metal complexes onto solid supports, with a special emphasis on those methodologies that have been used for complex grafting onto carbon materials. It will include sections that will focus on the various transition-metal complexes that have been immobilized onto several carbon materials activated carbons, black carbons, carbons xerogels, and carbon nanotubes the specific catalytic reactions with these carbon-based systems are also discussed in some detail. 

The decomposition of R6Pb2 to R4Pb has been observed using activated carbon black 331), silica-type catalysts 332), aluminum chloride 249), and ultraviolet light 333), Autocatalysis by metallic lead, though less effective, has also been reported 334). 

CHAPS. See 3-[(3-Cholamidopropyl) dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate Charcoal. See Charcoal, activated Carbon black... 

Bikiaris, D.N., Achilias, D.S., Giliopoulos, D., and Karayannidis, G.P. (2006) Effect of activated carbon black nanoparticles on solid state polymerization of polyfethylene terephthalate). Eur. Polym. /., 42, 3190-3201. 

When pigments or carbon blacks are used as UV absorbers or screening agents, dispersion and particle size are very important [38]. For example, good results have been obtained for PE light radiation stability by the use of activated carbon blacks with particle sizes below 25 nm. 

The effectiveness of various UV absorbers increases from benzophenone derivatives to benzotriazole derivatives to combinations of UV absorbers with HALS. Typical stabilizer loads range from 0.25 to 0.5%. The best light stability in POM is achieved using small particles of active carbon black, Table 3.6 [86]. 

Molded parts made from non-colored PES yellow and embrittle - as do most aromatic polymers - relatively rapidly when exposed to weathering. The negative effect of UV light in solar radiation can be reduced by adding active carbon black [694]. 

If active carbon blacks are necessary, dispersion problems may arise, but often these can be rectified by proper mixing techniques. 

For optimum low-temperature behaviour (according to the Brittleness Test (ASTM D 746-64 T) and Cold Bending Test (ASTM D 736-54T)) low acrylonitrile NBR active carbon blacks (no plasticiser) are preferred. However, where inactive fillers are used, large amounts of efficient plasticisers should be employed. 

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