Fractional saturation

Often, pitches and oils are classified into four general fractions saturates,... 

It is now useful to recall the concepts of molarity and fractional saturation (Astarita etal., 1983). The molarity, mj, of areactive MSA is the total equivalent concentration of species that may react with component A. On the other hand, the fractional saturation, uj, is a variable that represents the degree of saturation of chemically combined A in the jth lean phase. Therefore, ujmj is the total concentration of chemically combined A in the yth MSA. Hence, the total concentration of A in MSA j can be expressed as... 

For this reason, whenever there is a single reaction taking pldce in the yth MSA, no extent of reaction is defined. Instead the fractional saturation, uj, is employed. 

If Y is defined as the fractional saturation of myoglobin with Og, that is, the fraction of myoglobin molecules having an oxygen molecule bound, then... 

The ratio of the fractional saturation of myoglobin, Y, to free myoglobin, 1 — Y, depends on pO and K according to the equation... 

By analogy with Equation (A15.4), the equation for fractional saturation of Hb is given by... 

Reciprocal order of the adsorption Peclet number per unit volume of voids Fractional saturation, volume of liquid Time... 

It is convenient to express erp in term of the fraction saturation of void spaces S given by... 

Fig. 7. Capillary pressure and tensile strength as a function of the fraction saturation. [From Rumpf (R5).]...

The liquid-phase requirement for the snowballing mechanism may be computed in the following manner (S10). It is assumed that the liquid withdrawal is negligible (i.e., g = 0) and the fractional saturation in the deposited... 

Figure 42. Extent of granulation as a function of fractional saturation. (From Adetayo, et al., Powder Technol., 82 37-49, 1995, with kind permission from Elsevier Science S.A., P.O. Box 564, 1001 Lausanne, Switzerland.) (a) Extent of granulation, k,ih as a function of fractional saturation and (b) extent of granulation normalized for differences an Stvo as a function of fractional saturation. (Inset) Comparison to data of Kapur (1972) O, AS , MAP A, DAP , limestone (Kapur, 1972).

Thus, in the simplest sense, petroleum and petroleum products can be considered to be composites of four major fractions (saturates, aromatics, resins, and... 

It should be stressed that the above individual Bis must be measured under the same conditions used for the total BI. This is not an easy experimental task, since one must follow the fractional saturation at a specific site, say a, while all other... 

If Cj denotes the total enzyme concentration, then the fractional saturation at site A is... 

The fractional saturation of the macromolecule (written here as x) is then ... 

A normalization parameter used in treating ligand binding equilibria to convert two extensive variables, dissociation sud substrate concentration, into a parameter whose value is related to the fractional saturation of ligand binding sites. For the simple Michaelis-Menten treatment, v = + i m/[S], if R is the reduced... 

Plot of the fractional saturation of enzyme active sites (v/Wax) versus the reduced substrate concentration [S]/Ks where K/K = 1, 10, 30, and infinity. Notice that there is an optimum in the rate dependence on substrate concentration. 

In protein-binding investigations the fractional saturation, defined as the fraction of protein molecules that are saturated with ligand is used as working function. 

In the modification with TA and NaBr, NaBr adsorbs on the surface areas where TA does not adsorb and unstably adsorb as already mentioned in Section IV,A, 1, e. The correlation diagram between the fractional saturating ratio of NaBr (/) on the surface of the catalyst and the EDA of the modified catalyst as shown in Fig. 32 can be deduced from the diagram of correlation between the EDA of the modified catalyst, the amounts of NaBr and TA adsorbed, and the concentration of NaBr in the modifying solution as shown in Fig. 11. 

Branched chain fatty acids are present in milk (Kurtz 1974 Patton and Jensen 1976), and the following have been identified monomethyl 11-24 13-19, three or more positional isomers and multimethyl 16-28. Iverson (1983) and Iverson et al. (1965) identified the branched and other acids with the aid of urea fractionation. Saturated n-fatty acids of longer chain length form inclusion complexes with urea more readily than acyls with functional groups. The branched chain fatty acids do not form adducts. 

Figure 9-14 Fractional saturation Y and "function of state" R for hypothetical tetrameric enzymes following the MWC model. Curves are calculated for two different values of the apparent allosteric constant L (Eq. 9-70) and for c = 0.1 (Eq. 9-66). After Rubin and Changeux.86...

Heavy hydrocarbons were obtained by solvent extraction (4) of sediments, deasphalting with pentane, and separation by liquid chromatography (5) into saturate, aromatic, NSO-eluted, and asphaltene fractions. Saturate fractions were analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography (6) on these chromatograms (Figures 4 and 6) n-paraffins stand up as peaks above the naphthenic background. 

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