Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil

Andersson BE, S Lundstedt, K Tornberg, Y Schniirer, LG Oberg, B Mattiasson (2003) Incomplete degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil inoculated with wood-rotting fungi and their effect on the indigenous soil bacteria. Environ Toxicol Chem 22 1238-1243. 

Madsen T, P Kristensen (1997) Effects of bacterial inoculation and nonionic surfactants on degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil. Environ Toxicol Chem 16 631-637. 

Blumer, M., Youngblood, W. W., Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Soils and Recent Sediments, Science, 188, 53 (1975). 

Martens, D.A. and Frankenberger, W.T., Jr. Enhanced degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil treated with an advanced oxidative process - Fenton s reagent, J. Soil Contam., 4(2) 175-190, 1995. 

Tang J., H-H. Liste, and M. Alexander (2002). Chemical assays of availability to earthworms of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil. Chemosphere 48 35 2. 

Bossert, I. Bartha, R. (1986). Structure-biodegradability relationships of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 37, 490-5. 

Liu, Z., Laha, S. Luthy, R. G. (1990). Surfactant solubilization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil-water suspensions. Presented at the 15th Biennial International Conference sponsored by the International Association on Water Pollution Research and Control, Kyoto, Japan. 

Extraction Methods for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Soil... 

The various instrumental techniques that have been used to determine polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil are now reviewed. 

Other techniques that have been used to determine polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil extracts include ELISA field screening [86], micellar elec-tr okinetic capillary chromatography [ 87], supersonic jet laser-induced fluorescence [88,89], fluorescence quenching [90], thermal desorption gas chromatography-mass spectrometry [81,90,100], microwave-assisted extraction [91], thermal desorption [92], immunochemical methods [93,94], electrophoresis [96], thin layer chromatography [95], and pyrolysis gas chromatography [35]. 

Lichtfouse et al. [98] and others [102,103] demonstrated that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil are mainly pyrolytic in origin. 

Wang, X.J., Chen, J., Zhang, Z.H., Piao, X.Y., Hu, J.D., Tao, S., 2004b. Distribution and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil profiles of Tianjin Area, People s Republic of China. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 73, 739-748. 

Kuosmanen, K., T. Hyotylainen, K. Hartonen, and M.-L. Riekkola. 2003. Analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil and sediment with on-line coupled pressurised hot water extraction, hollow fibre microporous membrane liquid-liquid extraction and gas chromatography. Analyst 128 434 -39. 

Concentrations (mg/kg) of total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils from rural, urban, and industrial sites in the United Kingdom9... 

White IC, Pignatello II. 1999. Influence of bisolute competition on the desorption kinetics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil. Environ Sci Technol 33 4292-4298. 

Totsche, K.U., Danzer, J., and Kogel-Knabner, I., Dissolved organic matter-enhanced retention of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil miscible displacement experiments, J. Environ. Qual., 26, 1090, 1997. 

Chang, B. V., Shiung, L. C. Yuan, S. Y. (2002). Anaerobic biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in soil. Chemosphere, 48, 717-24. 

Zhang, G. Qi, S., Parker, A., Li, X., Li, J., Wang, X. Distribution of organochlorine pesticides and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils from the Pearl River delta. South China. In 3rd Asia-Pacific Symposium on Environmental Chemistry, GuangZhou, China, 2001, p. 93. 

Blumer M., Blumer W., and Reich T. (1977) Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils of a mountain valley correlation with highway traffic and cancer incidence. Environ. Sci. Technol. 11(12), 1082-1084. 

Allen, B. Wu, J. Doan, H. Inactivation of fungi associated with barley grain by gaseous ozone. J. Environ. Sci. Health 2003, B5.S (5), 617-630. Nam, K. Kukor, J.J. Combined ozonation and biodegradation for remediation of mixtures of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil. Biodegradation 2000, 11, 1-9. 

Tanaka K, Saito M. 1988. High-performance liquid chromatographic separation and synchronous fluorimetric determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils. The Analyst 113 509- 510. 

Vogt NB, Brakstad F, Thrane K, et al. 1987. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil and air Statistical analysis and classification by the SIMCA method. Environ Sci Technol 21 35-44. 

Accuracy is the closeness of a determined value to its true value, while precision is the closeness of the determined values to each other. A determined result for the analysis of a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in soil could produce precise (i.e. repeatable) but inaccurate (i.e. untrue) results. 

King, S., Meyer, J. S., and Andrews, A. R. J., Screening method for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil using hollow fiber membrane solvent microextraction, J. Chromatogr. A, 982, 201-208, 2002. 

Hartonen, K., Bpwadt, S., Dybdahl, H. P., Nylund, K., Sporring, S., Lund, H., and Oreld, F., Nordic laboratory intercomparison of SFE for the determination of total petroleum hydrocarbon, PCBs and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil, J. Chromatogr. A, 958, 239-248,... 

Szolar, O. H., Rost, H., Braun, R., and Loibner, A. P., Analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil minimizing sample pretreatment using automated Soxhlet with ethyl acetate as extraction solvent. Anal. Chem., lA, 2379-2385, 2002. 

Blumer, M. and Youngblood, W.W., 1975. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils and recent sediments. Science, 188 53—55. 

Eiceman, G. A. Davani, B. Ingram, J. (1986) Depth profiles for hydrocarbons and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil beneath waste disposal pits from natural gas production. Environ. Sci. Technol. 20, 508-514. 

O. Briiggemann and R. Freitag, Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil samples by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography with photodiode-array detection, J. Ghromatogr. A,... 

Ong, R. et al.. Pressurised liquid extraction-comprehensive two dimensional gas chromatography for fast screening of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil. Journal of Chromatography A, 1019, 221, 2003. 

Koc represents the degree of sorption of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in soil. Using three molecular parameters the length of molecule (L), the vertex connectivity index (Xy) and the edge connectivity index (Xe) and support vector regression with s = 0.05, following expression is obtained for the prediction of Kqc ... 

Yu, X.Z., Gao, Y., Wu, S.C., Zhang, H.B., Cheung, K.C., Wong, M.H. (2006). Distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils at Guiyu area of China, affected by recycling of electronic waste using primitive technologies. Chemosphere, 65, 1500-1509. 

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