Hydroxyapatite nanocrystalline

ALP alkaline phosphatase, Cht chitosan, DPM direct polymer melt, HDMECs human dermal microvascular endothelial cells, HUVECs human umbilical vein endothelial cells, MSCs mesenchymal stem cells, nHA nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite, PBS poly(butylene succinate), PCL poly(e-caprolactone), PGA poly (glycolic acid), PLA Poly(lactic acid), PLGA poIy(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid), PLCL poly(L-lactide-co-e-caprolactone)... 

Nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite coatings were deposited by plasma spraying of sols formed from various precursor solutions by Coyle et al. (2007). The coatings were designed to possess improved resorption in vivo and thus reduced the risk of forming larger debris particles that may give rise to particle disease . 

L. (2005) Nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite coatings on titanium a new fast biomimetic method. Biomaterials, 26 (19), 4085 -4089. 

Jain, P., Mandal, T., Prakash, P., Garg, A., and Balani, K. (2013) Electrophoretic deposition of nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite on Ti6A14V/Ti02 substrate. /. Coat. Technol. Res., 10 (2), 263-275. 

Figure 7.17 H (a) and 31P NMR spectra (b) of well-crystallised (dashed lines) and nanocrystalline (solid lines) hydroxyapatite (Jager et al., 2006). ( With permission by John Wiley and Sons.)...

It might be argued that the results by Jager et al. (2006) discussed and interpreted earlier pertain only to nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite synthesised from an aqueous solution. However, they are clearly relevant to calcium phosphate biomimetically precipitated from SBFs used to validate the degree of osseoconductivity of bioceramic coatings. 

Jager, C., Welzel, T., Meyer-Zaika, W., and Epple, M. (2006) A solid-state NMR investigation of the structure of nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite. Magn. Reson. Chem., 44, 573-580. 

Laschke MW, Witt K, Pohlemann T, Menger MD. Injectable nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite paste for bone substitution in vivo analysis of biocompatibility and vascularization. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater. 2007 Aug 82(2) 494-505. 

Meejoo S., Maneeprakorn W., Winotai P. (2006). Phase and thermal stability of nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite prepared via microwave heating. Therntochimica Acta, No. 447, pp. 115-120... 

Mobasherpour L, Heshajin M. (2007). Synthesis of nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite by using precipitation method. Journal cf Alloys and Compounds, N 430, pp. 330 - 333 Nilen R.W.N., Richter P.W. (2008). The thermal stability of hydroxyapatite in biphasic calcium phosphate ceramics. J. Mater. Sci Mater. Med., Vol. 19(4), pp. 1693-1702 Ratner B., Hoffman A., Schoen F. et. al. (2004). Biomaterials Scienc. An Introduction to Materials in Medicine, Second Edition / / Academic Press, pp. 851 Raynaud S., Champion E., Bemache-Assollant D. Et al. (2002). Calcium phosphate apatite with variable Ca/P atomic ratio L Synthesis, characterisation and thermal stability of powders. Biomaterials No 23, pp. 1065-1072 Shi D., (2006). Introduction to biomaterials. World Scientific Publishing, p. 253. 

Bose S, Dasgupta S, Tarafder S, Bandyopadhyay A. Microwave-processed nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite simultaneous enhancement of mechanical and biological properties. Acta Biomater 2010 6 3782-90. 

Zhang LJ, Chen YP, Rodriguez J, Fenniri H, Webster TJ. Biomimetic helical rosette nanotubes and nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite coatings on titanium for improving orthopedic implants. Int J Nanomed 2008 3 323-33. 

Shu, C., Xianzhu, Y., Zhangyin, X., Guohua, X., Hong, L., and Kangde, Y. 2007. Synthesis and sintering of nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite powders by gelatin-based precipitation method. Ceram. Int. 33 193-196. 

Im, O., et al. 2012. Biomimetic three-dimerrsional nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite and magnetically synthesized single-walled earbon nanombe ehitosan nanoeomposite for bone regeneration. International Journal of Nanomedicine 7 2087. 

Murugan R, Ramakrishna S (2005) Aqueous mediated synthesis of bioresorbable nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite. J Cryst Growth 274 209-213... 

Ruksudjarit A, Pengpat K, Rujijanagul G (2008) Synthesis and characterization of nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite from natural bovine bone. Cuir Appl Phys 8 270-272... 

A. Kasa), B. Rohrig, G.-G. Zafiropoulos, and B. Willershausen, Clinical evaluation of nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite paste in the treatment of human periodontal bony defects-a randomized controlled clinical trial 6-month results, /. Periodontol., 79 (3), 394-400,2008. 

Ciobanu et al. investigated the formation of nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite layer on the surface of porous polyurethane for the promising scaffolding material in tissue engineering (2009). A solution of polyurethane and cellulose acetate is formed in N, N-dimethylformamide to form polyurethane membranes. Glass plate is used as a support for the solvent evaporation under caloric radiation to form thin membranes. Theses membranes are treated with supersaturated calcification solution to form three dimensional scaffolds of hydroxyapatite layer on the polyurethane membrane. 

Bigi A, Boanini E, Gazzano M et al (2004) Nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite-polyaspartate composites. Biomed Mater Eng 14 573-579... 

J. K. Samar and A. Bhatt. Himesh, Nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite doped with magnesium and zinc Synthesis and characterization, Mater. Sci and Eng., Vol. 27, pp. 837-848, 2007. 

J. Wang and L. L. Shaw (2009) Nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite with simultaneous enhancements in hardness and toughness. Biomaterials... 

Isothermal calorimetry results (37.4°C) are shown in Fig. 32. A two-step reaction mechanism was proposed. The first peak is associated with consumption of all the brushite and some tetracalcium phosphate in the formation of noncrystalline calcium phosphate and nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite. The second peak is associated with the consumption of the remaining tetracalcium phosphate and the calcium phosphate intermediate. 

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