Poly oral administration

Figure 13. Normalized reduction of serum glucose in normal rabbits by oral administration of bovine insulin imbibed into a poly(acrylic acid) matrix.

Figure 16. Oral administration of Angiotensin II imbibed into poly (acrylic acid) resin to rats.

Kim TW, Lee TY, Bae HC et al (2007) Oral administration of high molecular mass poly-y-glutamate induces NK cell-mediated antitumor immunity. J Immunol 179 775-780... 

Lee TY, Kim YH, Yoon SW et al (2009) Oral administration of poly-y-glutamate induces TLR4-and dendritic cell-dependent antitumor effect. Cancer Immunol Immunother 58 1781-1794... 

J. M. Irache, M. Berrabah, P. Verite, and S. Menager, Phenobarbitone-loaded poly-curly epsilon-caprolactone nanocapsules In vitro kinetics and in vivo behaviour by the oral route, in Formulation of Poorly-Available Drugs for Oral Administration, Paris, 1996, pp. 334-337. 

Specihc poly anions such as dextran sulfate (DS) appear to exhibit strong anti-HIV activity in vitro [36,37]. Human oral administration of DS is poorly absorbed, but intravaneous administration does result in increased plasma lipolytic activity [38]. Poly anions that have been considered for intravaginal anti-HIV activity include DS, carrageenan, heparin, heparan sulfate, dermatan sulfate, pentosan polysulfate, fucoidan chondroitin sulfate, keratan sulfate, and PAVAS [21,22,39,40],... 

Type IV poly(ortho esters) are very similar in structure to type II poly(ortho esters), but they do not need to have excipients in the formulation due to the incorporation of no acidic moieties in the polymer backbone (Ng et al. 1997). Rods of poly(ortho ester) loaded with recombinant human-growth hormone and bovine serum albumin have been created. The rods are the products of polymer-protein mixture extrusion at a temperature between 50° and 70°C. Particles have also been produced from these rods (Heller et al. 2000). The size of these particles, >106 pm, was much larger than would be expected to be absorbed by the gastrointestinal lining (Florence 1997). If the particle size can be reduced, this type of polymer system may be made to be acceptable for oral administration. 

S)(l S,2 R) configuration. It has a molecular formula of C 25 H 35 N 3 6 S. The capsules are available for oral administration in strengths of 50 and 150 mg. Each 50-mg capsule contains the inactive ingredients D-alpha toco-pheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS), poly-... 

Damge, C., et al. 1997. Poly(alkyl cyanoacrylate) nanospheres for oral administration of insulin. J Pharm Sci 86 1403. 

Aprotinin is a polypeptide consisting of 58 amino acid residues derived from bovine lung tissues and shows inhibitory activity toward various proteolytic enzymes including chymo-trypsin, kallikrein, plasmin, and trypsin. It was also one of the first enzyme inhibitors used as an auxiliary agent for oral (poly)peptide administration. The co-administration of aprotinin led to an increased bioavailability of peptide and protein drugs [5,44,45], The Bowman-Birk inhibitor (71 amino acids, 8 kDa) and the Kunitz trypsin inhibitor (184 amino acids, 21 kDa) belong to the soybean trypsin inhibitors. Both are known to inhibit trypsin, chymotrypsin, and elastase, whereas carboxypeptidase A and B cannot be inhibited [7,46],... 

Kimura, T., et al. 1996. Oral administration of insulin as poly(vinyl alcohol)-gel spheres in diabetic rats. Biol Pharm Bull 19 897. 

Boudad, H., Legrand, P., I.cBas, G., Cheron, M., Duchene D., and Ponchel, G. (2001), Combined hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin and poly(alkylcyanoacrylate) nanoparticles intended for oral administration of saquinavir, Int. J. Pharm., 218,113-124. 

Florence and coworkers studied the uptake, after oral administration, of a G4 poly(lysine) dendrimer (diameter = 5nm) modified with a lipid surface. 

A series of quinazolinone inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) was prepared. It was shown that, in general, compounds linked with the cyclopentene 43 were more metabolically stable and had lower clearance rates than the corresponding compounds linked with linear alkyl linkers, as is 42. Being able to block the primary site of metabolism also translated into having more efficacious compounds in vivo with superior B/P ratios. Compound 42 had a B/P ratio of 0.4 after oral administration, while cyclopentene 43 had a B/P ratio of 4.1. 

Jones D H, Corris S, McDonald S, et al. (1997). Poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide)-encapsulated plasmid DNA elicits systemic and mucosal antibody responses to encoded protein after oral administration. Vaccine. 15 814-817. 

Cui, J.H. Cao, Q.R. Lee, B.J. Enhanced delivery of bifidobacteria and fecal changes after multiple oral administrations of bifidobacteria-loaded alginate poly-L-lysine microparticles in human volunteers. Drug Deliv. 2007,14 (5), 265-271. 

Rafati H, Coombes AG, Adler J, Holland J, Davis SS. Protein-loaded poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) microparticles for oral administration Formulation, structural and release characteristics. Journal of Controlled Release. 1997 43 89-102. 

Poly(alkyl cyanoacrylate) nanocapsules were successfully used for oral administration of insulin in diabetic rats. Insulin-loaded nanospheres (100 lU/kg of body weight) that were administered perorally in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats provoked a 50% decrease of fasted-glycemia from the second hour up to 10-13 days. When " C-labeled nanospheres loaded with insulin were used, it was found that nanospheres increased the uptake of insulin or its metabolites in the GIT, blood, and liver, while the excretion was delayed when compared with 1 insulin nonassociated to naiiospheres in addition, C and 1 radioactivities disappeared progressively as a function of time, parallel to the biological effect. 

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