Peptide poly

In terms of chemical nature, some of these are steroids, e.g., estrogens and androgens some are poly peptides for example insulin and endorphins and some others are amino acid derivatives such as epinephrine and norepinephrine. 

An almost equally large and probably more diversified source of chiral polymers is found in the pool of naturally occurring (poly)peptides and proteins some, but not all, are readily available and have been successfully used as CSPs for analytical chiral liquid chromatography14. 

Cl mRNA is translated in the 1 Efl cytosol into prepro-a poly-peptide chains that are extruded into the endoplasmic... 

However, the high molecular weight poly-peptides resulting from initiation by sodium methoxide did not show unusually broad distribution (unpublished results of Blout und Doty). 

Again, the addition of methyl methacrylate had no effect upon the rate of polymerisation or upon the structure of the resulting poly-peptide. Since, amide groups initiate the polymerisation of methyl methacrylate the absence of such a reaction proves the absence of the amide groups. 

Aprotinin is a polypeptide consisting of 58 amino acid residues derived from bovine lung tissues and shows inhibitory activity toward various proteolytic enzymes including chymo-trypsin, kallikrein, plasmin, and trypsin. It was also one of the first enzyme inhibitors used as an auxiliary agent for oral (poly)peptide administration. The co-administration of aprotinin led to an increased bioavailability of peptide and protein drugs [5,44,45], The Bowman-Birk inhibitor (71 amino acids, 8 kDa) and the Kunitz trypsin inhibitor (184 amino acids, 21 kDa) belong to the soybean trypsin inhibitors. Both are known to inhibit trypsin, chymotrypsin, and elastase, whereas carboxypeptidase A and B cannot be inhibited [7,46],... 

Bernkop-Schniirch, A., and S. Thaler. 2000. Polycarbophil-cysteine conjugates as platforms for oral (poly)peptide delivery systems. J Pharm Sci 89 901. 

Bemkop-Schnurch, A., and K. Dundalek. 1996. Novel bioadhesive drug delivery system protecting (poly)peptides from gastric enzymatic degradation. Ini J Pharm 138 75. 

Chang C, Pang KS, Swaan PW, Ekins S (2005) Comparative pharmacophore modeling of organic anion transporting poly-peptides a meta-analysis of rat Oatplal and OATP1B1. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 31, 533-541. 

The solvent-induced geometrical distortions can be very important to understand the properties and the reactivity of systems in solution for example, SN2 reactions on halomethanes, which proceed by a simple activated mechanism in the gas phase, are described by a double well mechanism in polar solutions, where stable precursor complexes appear [1], In addition, for some systems important regions of the conformational space become accessible only if solute-solvent interactions are taken into account. An outstanding example is provided by (poly)peptides whose conformations are often described in terms of the two backbone dihedral angles <.f> and tp (see Figure 3.1). 

Bernkop-Schnurch A, Marschtitz MK (1997) Development and in vivo evaluation of systems to protect peptide drugs from aminopeptidase N. Pharm Res 14 181-185 Bernkop-Schnurch A, Paikl C, Valenta C (1997) Novel bioadhesive chitosan-EDTA conjugate protects leucine enkephalin from degradation by aminopeptidase N. Pharm Res 14 917-922 Bernkop-Schnurch A, Thaler S (2000) Polycarbophil-cysteine conjugates as platforms for oral (poly)peptide delivery systems. J Pharm Sci 89 901-909 Bernkop-Schnurch A, Walker G, Zarti H (2001) Thiolation of polycarbophil enhances its inhibition of intestinal brush border membrane bound aminopeptidase N. J Pharm Sci 90 1907-1914... 

Bernkop-Schniirch, A. Polymer-inhibitor conjugates a promising strategy to overcome the enzymatic barrier to perorally administered (poly)peptide drugs Pharm. Sci. 1999 9, 78-87. 

Bernkop-Schniirch, A. and Gilge, B. Anionic mucoadhesive polymers as auxiliary agents for the peroral administration of (poly)peptide drugs influence of the gastric juice. Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm. 2000 26, 2, 107-113. 

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