Poly N-vinyl pyrrolidone

The glass transition temperature, Tg, corresponds directly to polymer cohesive energy and its packing density. Tg depression can be used to predict influence of plasticizer on the Tg 

Tgi the glass transition temperatures of mixture components (poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone), water, and plasticizer, respectively) 

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Granular swelling agents. These systems typically consist of cross-linked hydrophilic polymers like e.g. cross-linked poly-(N-vinyl pyrrolidone) or hydrophilic but insoluble polymers, e.g. cellulose that swell to a considerable volume within a few seconds on contact with water. These systems are powerful disintegrants and are used particularly in quick-release detergent tablets put in a dispenser tray. 

Kiselev O, Kozeletskaya K, Melenevskaya E et al. (1998a) The antiviral activity of the complex of fullerene C60 with poly(N-vinyl-pyrrolidone). Mol Mat. 11 121-124. 

The next example deals with polymerization of acrylic acid along with poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone) as reported by Ferguson and Shah. Similar calculations lead to a curve which fits well experimental points. The results are presented in Figure 8.5. The maximum polymerization rate appears very close to [T]/[M] ratio equal one. However, it is not a rule. Recalculated data obtained by Fujimori et for polymerization of acrylic acid are presented in Figure 8.6 and for methacrylic acid Figure 8.7. The data give maximum rate of polymerization at much lower value of [T]/[M]. In all cases presented, the results... 

Water-soluble polymer-bound porphorins have been prepared by the reaction of poly(methacrylic acid) and poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone-co-methacrylic acid) with the low-molecular weight substituted Zn complexes tetraphenylpor-phorin, phthalocyanins and naphthocyanins [67, 68]. These reactions are... 

Janssen et al. [144] focused their work on ozonization of polyvinyl lactam, grafting with hydrophilic methacrylic monomers for applications in the field of contact lenses and other products used in the medical domain. The most studied polymer remains the poly-N-vinyl pyrrolidone which is ozonized either in solid state or in aqueous solution. This activation step leads to three hydroperoxides per chain but also to chain scissions. The resulting product is formulated with different mixtures of methacrylic and dimethacrylic monomers to graft them onto activated polymer by UV initiation. Using dimethacrylic monomers lead to perfect cross-linked polymers presenting excellent resistance to solvents. Unfortunately, the mechanisms of action of ozone onto polyvinyl lactams do not seem to have been studied in detail. 

Notations CELL, cellulose P4VPy, poly(4-vinyl pyridine) MC, methylolated cellulose PVP, poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone) PVA, poly(vinyl alcohol) PAN, poly(acrylonitrile) PCL, poly(e-caprolactone) Ny6, nylon 6. 

Miyashita et al. carried out miscibility characterization of CA blends with poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP), poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc), and poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone-co-vinyl acetate) random copolymers [P(VP-co-VAc)s] [ 104]. On the basis of thermal transition data obtained by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), a miscibility map (Fig. 8) was completed as a function of the degree of substitution (DS) of CA and the VP fraction in P(VP-co-VAc). Figure 9 compares results of the DSC measurements between two blending pairs of CA/P(VP-co-VAc) corresponding to the polymer combinations marked as A and B in Fig. 8. In the data (Fig. 9b) for the blends of CA (DS = 2.95) with P( VP-co-VAc) of VP = 51 mol %, we can readily see a sign of poor miscibility, as is evidenced from the lack of an appreciable shift in the... 

CEL solutions were obtained by dissolving poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone) and a diazoniun salt (D2, D3 or D4) in aqueous acetic acid. The solutions were spin-coated on a conventional photoresist layer formed on a silicon wafer. CEL layers on quartz substrate were used for optical transmittance measurements. 

It is neccessary that the binder polymers (1) be compatible with diazoniun salts, (2) be uniform in film thickness when the layer is coated on the photoresist film, (3) show a high gas permeability to allow nitrogen photogenerated during the exposure of diazonaphtoquinone resist to diffuse. Many water soluble polymers were examined, and it has been found that poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone) and its copolymers satisfy the above requirements. 

The UV absorption spectra of the CEL layers which consist of these diazoniun salts (D2, D3, and D4) and poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone) are shown in Fig.l. 

Sakurai K, Maegawa T, Takahashi T. Glass transition temperature of chitosan and miscibility of chitosan/poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone) blends. Polymer 2000 41 7051-7056. 

Polymer poly(2-vinyl-naphthalene-co-methylacrylate) poly(2-vinyl-naphihalene-att -methyl maleate) poly(N-vinyl-pyrrolidone-co-vinyl acetate)... 

These include the vinyl addition polymers derived from common monomers like methyl methacrylate [9], acrylonitrile [10-12], styrene [13],butadiene [14], 4-vinylpyridine [15],acrylamide [15],andtetrafluoro ethylene [16]. In addition, selective polymers like polyfvinyl alcohol) [17],poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone) [18], polyfethylene glycol) (PEG) [19], and others [20] have also been used. 

Polystyrene (see Figure 1.1), poly(vinyl fluoride) (see Figure 2.3), poly(vinyl alcohol), polymethacrylonitrile, poly(acrylic acid) and poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone) (Figure 4.2) all have vinylic backbones with NBBrot=2, but different values of NSGrot and Nrot ... 

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