Poly methyl ether

In recognizing these benefits, a number of FTIR/ATR studies have been made. The diffusion of additives in polyolefins have been studied [67] through a measurement of their infrared absorbances as a function of mass uptake. Environmental penetrants have been studied [68], The mutual interdififusion of polymers has also been studied using the FTIR/ATR method [69]. The interpenetration of semicrystalline polymers such as poly (ether imide/poly(aryl ether ketone) has been examined [70]. The interdiffusion of polystyrene and poly(methyl ether) has also been studied and diffusion coefficients measured which agreed with other approaches [71]. 

Ethyl and butyl esters of poly(vinyl methyl ether)/maleic anhydride (PVM/MA) copolymer were introduced in the early 1960s for use in hair sprays. These polymers also have free carboxy acid groups that can be neutralized. Recommended neutralization is 10%, but products can be found in the range of 5—30%, and recommended neutralizers include ammonium hydroxide, aminomethyl propanol, and triisopropano1 amine. These were the most widely used polymers in hair sprays before their use decreased dramatically in the early 1990s. 

Polymer Blends. The miscibility of poly(ethylene oxide) with a number of other polymers has been studied, eg, with poly (methyl methacrylate) (18—23), poly(vinyl acetate) (24—27), polyvinylpyrroHdinone (28), nylon (29), poly(vinyl alcohol) (30), phenoxy resins (31), cellulose (32), cellulose ethers (33), poly(vinyl chloride) (34), poly(lactic acid) (35), poly(hydroxybutyrate) (36), poly(acryhc acid) (37), polypropylene (38), and polyethylene (39). 

Heat-SensitiZingProcess. Another process used to make latex mbber articles of thicker section involves sensitizing the compound so that it coagulates when heated to a given temperature, then using heated molds to build the article to the desired thickness. Ammonia-preserved latex is used in this process, and polyether, polythioether, or poly(vinyl methyl ether) (PVME) can be used as heat-sensitizing agents. 

Poly(methyl vinyl ether) [34465-52-6] because of its water solubility, continues to generate commercial interest. It is soluble in all proportions and exhibits a well-defined cloud point of 33°C. Like other polybases, ie, polymers capable of accepting acidic protons, such as poly(ethylene oxide) and poly(vinyl pyrroHdone), each monomer unit can accept a proton in the presence of large anions, such as anionic surfactants, Hl, or polyacids, to form a wide variety of complexes. 

Poly(methyl vinyl ether-i o-maleic anhydride) and their monoalkyl ester derivatives have been shown on rabbits to be neither primary irritants nor primary sensiti2ers to skin and eyes. The acute oral toxicities on white rats of the two copolymers are, respectively, 29 g/kg and 25 g/kg body weight. 

Comparison of Table 5.4 and 5.7 allows the prediction that aromatic oils will be plasticisers for natural rubber, that dibutyl phthalate will plasticise poly(methyl methacrylate), that tritolyl phosphate will plasticise nitrile rubbers, that dibenzyl ether will plasticise poly(vinylidene chloride) and that dimethyl phthalate will plasticise cellulose diacetate. These predictions are found to be correct. What is not predictable is that camphor should be an effective plasticiser for cellulose nitrate. It would seem that this crystalline material, which has to be dispersed into the polymer with the aid of liquids such as ethyl alcohol, is only compatible with the polymer because of some specific interaction between the carbonyl group present in the camphor with some group in the cellulose nitrate. 

The following details for the commercial manufacture of poly(vinyl methyl ether) have been made available. Agitated vinyl methyl ether at 5°C is treated over a period of 30 minutes with 0.2% of catalyst solution consisting of 3% BF3 2H20 in dioxane. When the reaction rises to 12°C the reaction is moderated by brine cooling. Over the next 3-4 hours further monomer and catalyst is added. The autoclave is then closed and the temperature allowed to rise slowly to 100°C. 

A number of higher poly(vinyl ether)s, in particular the ethyl and butyl polymers, have found use as adhesives. When antioxidants are incorporated, pressure-sensitive adhesive tapes from poly(vinyl ethyl ether) are said to have twice the shelf life of similar tapes from natural rubber. Copolymers of vinyl isobutyl ether with methyl acrylate and ethyl acrylate (Acronal series) and with vinyl chloride have been commercially marketed. The first two products have been used as adhesives and impregnating agents for textile, paper and leather whilst the latter (Vinoflex MP 400) has found use in surface coatings. 

Poly(ethylene terephtlhalate) Phenol-formaldehyde Polyimide Polyisobutylene Poly(methyl methacrylate), acrylic Poly-4-methylpentene-1 Polyoxymethylene polyformaldehyde, acetal Polypropylene Polyphenylene ether Polyphenylene oxide Poly(phenylene sulphide) Poly(phenylene sulphone) Polystyrene Polysulfone Polytetrafluoroethylene Polyurethane Poly(vinyl acetate) Poly(vinyl alcohol) Poly(vinyl butyral) Poly(vinyl chloride) Poly(vinylidene chloride) Poly(vinylidene fluoride) Poly(vinyl formal) Polyvinylcarbazole Styrene Acrylonitrile Styrene butadiene rubber Styrene-butadiene-styrene Urea-formaldehyde Unsaturated polyester... 

N. A. Rotstein, T. P. Lodge. Tracer diffusion of linear polystyrenes in poly-(vinyl methyl ether) gels. Macromolecules 25.T 316-1325, 1992. 

Examples shown in this chapter are for PMMA. Other polymers can be separated as well. The polymers separated so far (1,2) include polystyrene, poly(a-methylstyrene), polycaprolactone, polycarbonate, poly(hexyl isocyanate), polytetrahydrofuran, poly (vinyl methyl ether), and polyvinylpyrrolidone. 

Polyphosphazenes sulfonates XIX with the anion covalently attached to the polymer are a new class of cation conductors that have been synthesized by Shriver [625]. They were obtained by reaction of Na0C2H4S03Na with an excess of polydichlorophosphazene in the presence of 15-crown-5, followed by the reaction of the partially substituted product with the sodium salt of poly(ethylene glycol methyl ether). The conductivity at 80 °C of the polymer with x=1.8, m=7.22 is 1.7x10 S cm This low conductivity can be attributed to an extensive ion pair formation between the sodium and sulfonate ions. 

Morphology of the enzymatically synthesized phenolic polymers was controlled under the selected reaction conditions. Monodisperse polymer particles in the sub-micron range were produced by HRP-catalyzed dispersion polymerization of phenol in 1,4-dioxane-phosphate buffer (3 2 v/v) using poly(vinyl methyl ether) as stabihzer. °° ° The particle size could be controlled by the stabilizer concentration and solvent composition. Thermal treatment of these particles afforded uniform carbon particles. The particles could be obtained from various phenol monomers such as m-cresol and p-phenylphenol. 

The strength of ion binding is enhanced when the arrangements of the functional groups permit chelate formation (Begala Strauss, 1972). Thus, magnesium is more firmly bound to poly(vinyl methyl ether-maleic acid) than to either poly(acrylic acid) or poly(ethylene maleic add). 

Samples used in this work are the binary polymer mixtures with the characteristics illustrated in Table 10.1. Here, PSA and PSAF stand, respectively, for polystyrene labeled with anthracene and polystyrene doubly labeled with anthracene and fluorescein used as a fluorescent marker. On the other hand, PSC and PVME stands respectively for polystyrene labeled with trans-cirmamic acid and poly(vinyl methyl ether). The factor a in Table 10.1 indicates the label content of anthracene in the polystyrene chain in the unit of number of labels per one chain. For PSC, the label content is 1 cinnamic acid per 28 styrene monomers. 

Figure 10.7 The phase diagram (a) and the glass transition temperatures (b) of a PSC/PVME mixture obtained, respectively, by light scattering and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Irradiation experiments were performed in the miscible region at 127 C indicated by (X) in the figure of trans-cinnamic acid-labeled polystyrene/poly(vinyl methyl ether) blends.

PSC polystyrene labeled with trans-cirmamic acid PVME poly (vinyl methyl ether)... 

Wu, C. S., Senak, L., and Malawer, E. G., Size exclusion chromatography of poly(methyl vinyl ether-co-maleic anhydride) (PMVEMA). I. The chromatographic method, J. Liq.Chromatogr., 12, 2901, 1989. 

Selection of appropriate conditions to modify polymers is facilitated by preliminary studies with well designed model compounds. The work with model systems is critical when studying condensation polymers because the main chain linkages have proved to be remarkably labile under certain conditions. Condensation of 4-chlorophenyl phenyl sulfone with the disodium salt of blsphenol-A yields 2,2-bis[4 -(4"-phenylsulfonylphenoxyl)phenyl] propane, T, an excellent model for the poly(arylene ether sulfone) substrate. Conditions for quantitative bromination, nitration, chloro-methylation, and aminomethylation of the model compound were established. Comparable conditions were employed to modify the corresponding polymers. 

Dimethylaminopyridine 0.0010 Poly(butadlene-co-pyrrolidinopyridine) 0.0014 Poly(methyl vinyl ether-co-pyrrolidinopyridine) 0.0009 Poly(octadec-l-ene-co-pyrrolidinopyridine) b... 

Poly(methyl vinyl ether-co-maleic anhydride 147.7... 

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