Point-of-care diagnostics/devices

Chin CD, Linder V, SiaSK (2012) Commercialization of microfluidic point-of-care diagnostic devices. Lab Chip 12(12) 2118-2134. doi 10.1039/c21c21204h... 

Yetisen, A.K., Akram, M.S., Lowe, C.R., 2013. Paper-based microfluidic point-of-care diagnostic devices. Lab. Chip 13, 2210-2251. 

Beebe DJ, Moore JS, Bauer JM et al (2000) Functional hydrogel structures for autonomous flow control inside microfluidic channels. Nature 404 588-590 Benard WL, Kahn H, Heuer AH, Huff MA (1998) Thin-film shape-memory alloy actuated micropumps. J Microelectromech Syst 7 245-251 Benito-Lopez F, Antonana-Diez M, Curto VF et al (2014) Modular microfluidic valve structures based on reversible thermoresponsive ionogel actuators. Lab Chip 14 3530-3538 Chin CD, Linder V, Sia SK (2012) Commercialization of microfluidic point-of-care diagnostic devices. Lab Chip 12 2118-2134... 

Some other expectations of the nowadays practice is the development of analytical devices that are able to monitor in real time in vivo parameters. In this case electrochemical biosensors have played an important significant role in the transition towards point-of-care diagnostic devices. Such electrical devices are extremely useful for dehvering the diagnostic information in a fast, simple, and low-cost fashion in coimection with compact (handheld) analyzers. Such modem electrochemical bioaffinity, DNA, or immunosensors have been developed with remarkable sensitivity essential for early cancer detection. ... 

Limitations of the platform are related to the material properties of PDMS for example, chemicals which the elastomer is not inert to cannot be processed, and elevated temperatures such as in micro-reaction technology are not feasible. Also for the implementation of applications in the field of point-of-care diagnostics, where a handheld device is often required, the LSI platform seems not to be beneficial at the moment. Thereto external pressure sources and valves would have to be downsized to a smaller footprint, which is of course technically feasible, but the costs would be higher in comparison to other platform concepts. However, as a first step towards downsizing the liquid control equipment, the use of a Braille system was successfully demonstrated [143]. 

With these devices, pharmacogenetic testing can be completed within 4—6 h, and represents real point-of-care diagnostics, as it can be performed prior to medication being administered. Array-On is well prepared for in-license validated SNPs to develop point-of-care testing for a variety of pharmacogenetic needs. Relevant pharmacogenetic SNPs will be detectable within hours, directly at the location where the information is needed. 

ANALYTICAL CHALLENGES FOR LUMINESCENCE-BASED POINT-OF-CARE TESTING DEVICES IN BIOMEDICAL DIAGNOSTICS... 

There are many other types of chip-based devices in development and, indeed, on the market. Many of these are for purpose point-of-care diagnostics. A few of the main categories of chips are discussed here. 

In addition, microfluidic-based lab-on-a-chip devices can address the current demand for point-of-care diagnostics that requires least sample consumption and hence minimal usage of reagents, rapid and high-throughput diagnosis, and the ability to be coupled with a wide range of detection techniques. 

Fabrication of waveguides on-chip is important in microfluidic devices, since optical detection is used for many applications. While microfluidics has made it possible to integrate many fluidic casts on a single chip, most optical components such as light sources and sensors remain off-chip. On-chip waveguides provide an interface between these off-chip optical components and on-chip microfluidics. With the drive towards portable microfluidic systems for point-of-care diagnostics or on-site analysis, it is highly... 

Many researchers focus on promoting lab-on-a-chip devices into point-of-care diagnostic products, which feature tiny volume of reagents and samples and portable and on-site detection. However, conventional lab-on-a-chip products are limited by high cost, complex fabrication process, and tedious operation procedures. Therefore, toward a new generation of lab-on-a-chip device, paper microfluidic sensor has been developed, and this novel device has the advantages of rapid fabrication, low cost, and easy to operate, which could have dominant commercial value in the market [8]. 

Schilling KM, Jauregui D, Marinez AW (2013) Paper and toner three-dimensional fluidic devices programming fluid flow to improve point-of-care diagnostics. Lab Chip 13(4) 628-631... 

Low space requirements of devices Integration of functions like reverse transcription process (for gene expression studies), on-line measurement of double-strand DNA concentration, or real-time measurement by multi-sensor arrangements Hence, miniaturized PCR devices are very interesting for a broader application of PCR in laboratories as well as for point-of-care diagnostics, screenings, or investigations for food safety and environmental protection [7, 8]. 

One very prominent area, which is only rather loosely connected to pharmaceutical fields, but which is nevertheless an essential aspect of health-related research, and in which cellulose-based materials, namely different paper types, play a fundamental role, is the development of paper-based disposable point-of-care diagnostics tools and low-cost diagnostics tools [49-51], Although the concept of using cellulose-based materials as an essential part is not new as such—basically every commercially available lateral flow immunoassay (e.g., pregnancy tests) contains a specialized paper as an integral part—the development of devices completely made out of paper-like materials has revolutionized the field, and surprisingly simple but powerful devices made out of paper have been developed and tested rmder real conditions in field trials various assay formats have been realized, and it is expected that these devices will have an impact on health care systems due to their cost-effectiveness. 

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