Platforms steel jacket

Steel piled jackets are the most common type of platform and are employed in a wide range of sea conditions, from the comparative calm of the South China Sea to the hostile Northern North Sea. Steel jackets are used in water depths of up to 150 metres and may support production facilities a further 50 metres above mean sea level. In deep water all the process and support facilities are normally supported on a single jacket, but in shallow seas it may be cheaper and safer to support drilling, production... 

Each of the main facility types, e.g. steel jacket, gravity structure, tension leg and floating platform, have different options for decommissioning. The main factors which need to be considered and which will impact on costs are type of construction, size, distance from shore, weather conditions and the complexity of the removal, including all safety aspects. The following options are available ... 

Tension leg and floating platforms can easily be released and towed away for service elsewhere, which is cheap and attractive. In the case of the fixed platforms, the topside modules are removed by lift barge and taken to shore for disposal. Gravity based structures can in theory be deballasted and floated away to be re-employed or sunk in the deep ocean, and steel jackets cut and removed at an agreed depth below sea level. In some areas jackets are cleaned and placed as artificial reefs on the seabed. The... 

Fig. 23. Fixed-leg offshore drilling and production platform of the "steel jacket ...

Submerged marine structures. Cathodic protection of submerged marine structures such as steel jackets of offshore oil and gas platforms and pipelines is widely provided by sacrificial anode systems. A... 

This entry will focus on a very specific and popular type of offshore platform, the fixed steel jacket platform (FSJ). According to Ferreira (2003), there are around 7,500 FSJ platforms distributed around the world. These platforms have been popular because of their relatively simple design and the availability of oil at shallow waters in the initial days of exploration. 

However, as the resources in shallow water have started to extinguish, the exploration activities have moved to deeper waters. Nonetheless, there are many fixed steel jacket platforms that are still in service. 

Application to a Typical Fixed Steel Jacket Platform... 

In this entry, the seismic performance of a typical fixed steel jacket platform is evaluated through fragility analysis. The analysis has shown that the considered offshore platform cannot withstand even the seismic hazard corresponding to the collapse prevention performance level. This undermines the robustness of such structures which are aging, for the ever-increasing seismic hazard. Even though the results were shown on a simple elastic system, the authors believe that the implications could be more serious when an inelastic system was used, as the drift demand would be much higher albeit with a reduction in... 

Nordal H, Cornell CA, Karamchandani A (1987) A structural system reliability care study of an eight-leg steel Jacket offshore production platform. In Proceedings of The Marine Structural Reliability Symposium, SNAME, Arlington, VA, October 1987. 

Urban Change Monitoring Multi-temporal SAR Images, Fig. 5 Aerial photographs of the D-runway s construction site in the Tokyo Haneda International airport. In the photos of four dates, the lower left is floating steel-jacket platforms and the lower right is reclaimed... 

Drilling Jackets are small steel platform structures which are used in areas of shallow and calm water. A number of wells may be drilled from one jacket. If a jacket is too small to accommodate a drilling operation, a jack-up rig (see below) is usually cantilevered over the jacket and the operation carried out from there. Once a viable development has been proven It is extremely cost effective to build and operate jackets in a shallow... 

After the failure of the Texas Tower TT-4, an important step forward was taken in the 1960s when oil drilling and related installations of pipelines at depths up to 60 m off the Mississippi Delta were begun. These installations were designed based on a more fundamental understanding of sediment properties. Oil platforms off the Mississippi Delta are of the jacket or template type which are supported by a long open-ended steel pipe pile foundation. 

Fixed Platform (FP)—a jacket comprising a tall tubular steel vertical section supported by piles driven into the seabed, with the crew accommodated on a platform and operation capability at depths up to 460 m. 

Black twisted nylon and polypropylene ropes used to rig and retrieve test platforms were unaffected. Grappling lines attached to platforms, made of steel wire jacketed with extruded high-density PE, prevented corrosion of the steel. PE is also used to protect submerged telephone cables. Plastic primers such as epoxy are used to prevent antifouling paints from corroding metals. These paints generally use cuprous oxide to prevent the growth of barnacles, but at the same time can be harmful to metal. 

---