Platelet Biochemistry

Hannon JT, Jamiescm GA Thrombin binds to a high-affinity -900,000 dalton site on human platelets. Biochemistry 24 58,1985... 

DeTWILER TC, FEINMAN RD. Kinetics of the thrombin-induced rdease of caldinn (II) by platelets. Biochemistry 12 282-289,1973. 

Tang KM, Sherwood JL, Haslam RJ. Photoaflinity labeling of t clic GMP-binding proteins in human platelets. Biochemistry 1993 294 329-333. 

Kohler, C., Tolman, E., Wooding, W., Ellenbogen, L. A review of the effects of fenbufen and a metabolite, biphenylacetic acid, on platelet biochemistry and function. Arzneim.-Forsch. (Drug Res.), 1980, 30, 702-707. 

Huang, T.F., Holt, J.C., Kirby, E.P., and Niewiarowski, S. (1989). Trigramin Primary structure and its inhibition of von Willebrand factor binding to glycoprotein Ilb/llla complex on human platelets. Biochemistry 28 661-666. 

Romano M, Serhan CN Lipoxin generation by permeabilized human platelets. Biochemistry 1992 31 8269-8277. 

Rahman, K. 2007. Effects of garlic on platelet biochemistry and physiology. Molec. Nutr. Food. Res. 51(11) 1335-1344. 

Yatomi, Y, Rnan, E, Megidish, T, Toyokuni, T, Hakomori, S and Igarashi, Y (1996) N,N-dimethylsphingosine inhibition of sphingosine kinase and sphingosine 1 -phosphate activity in hnman platelets. Biochemistry, 35, 626-633. 

The chemical engineering approach began with an analysis of the biochemistry of platelet metabolism. Like many cells, platelets consume glucose by two pathways, an oxidative pathway and an anaerobic pathway. The oxidative pathway produces carbon dioxide, which makes the solution containing the platelets more acidic (lower pH) and promotes anaerobic metabolism. This second metabolic pathway produces large amounts of lactic acid, further lowering pH. The drop in pH from both pathways kills the platelets. 

Soskic, V., Gorlach, M., Poznanovic, S., Boehmer, F. D., and Godovac-Zimmermann, J. (1999). Functional proteomics analysis of signal transduction pathways of the platelet-derived growth factor b receptor. Biochemistry 38, 1757-1764. 

Kotite, N.J., Staros, J.V., and Cunningham, L.W. (1984) Interaction of specific platelet membrane proteins with collagen Evidence from chemical cross-linking. Biochemistry 23, 3099-3104. 

Essex, D. W., Li, M., Miller, A., Feinman, R. D., Protein disulfide isomerase and sulfhydryl-dependent pathways in platelet activation, Biochemistry (2001), p. 6070-6075... 

NO donors have been used for more than a century in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Clearly, the NO/cGMP system plays a major role in platelet inhibition in vivo and in vitro, however, the complex regulation of cGM P levels, as well as the crosstalk to the cAMP system, makes it a signaling network that is not yet fully understood. The contribution of cGMP-independent mechanisms in NO signaling in platelets is far from clear. Careful use of the crucial genetically altered mouse models, the variety of NO donors with clear differences in biochemistry and functional platelet effects as well as the many so-called specific activatory or inhibitory research tools will certainly help to elucidate the still unknown areas of NO signaling in platelets in the near future. 

Serotonin (4.109, 5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) is a central neurotransmitter that is also found peripherally in the intestinal mucosa and in blood platelets, where its role is incompletely elucidated it even occurs in plants such as bananas. Although there is an enormous literature on the biochemistry and pharmacology of serotonin, our knowledge of its biological role remains somewhat fragmented. The diverse physiological effects of 5-HT influence the cardiovascular system, the cerebrovascular system, the digestive... 

Dahlback B, Wiedmer T, Sims PJ. Binding of anticoagulant vitamin K dependent protein S to platelet-derived microparticles. Biochemistry 1992 31 12769-12777. 

Niewiarowski S, Holt JC. Biochemistry and physiology of secreted platelet proteins. In Colman RW, Hirsh J, MarderVJ, Salzman EW, eds. Hemostasis and Thrombosis. Basic Principles and Clinical Practice. 2nd ed. Philadelphia Lippincott, 1987 618-630. 

Jurk K, Kehrel, B. Reliability of platelet function tests and drug monitoring platelets physiology and biochemistry. Semin Thromb Hemost 2005 3 1 381-392. 

Green LS, Jellinek D, Jenison R, Eldin CH, Janjic N, Inhibitory DNA ligands to platelet-derived growth factor B-chain, Biochemistry, 35 14413-14424, 1996. 

An enormous number of publications has emerged over the past 16 years on various aspects of PAF chemistry, biochemistry, and physiology. Certainly the field has expanded tremendously from the days when its behavior on rabbit platelets was a major experimental outlet. Currently the biological activities of PAF (the alkyl form) can be separated into the following two classes ... 

Ma, Y.T., Shi, Y.Q., Lim, Y.H., McGrail, S.H., Ware, J.A., and Rando, R.R. (1994). Mechanistic studies on human platelet isoprenylated protein methyltransferase farnesyl-cysteine analogs block platelet aggregation without inhibiting the methyltransferase. Biochemistry 33 5414-5420. 

Bodin S, Giuriato S, Ragab J, Humbel BM, Viala C, Vieu C, Chap H, Payrastre B. Production of phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate and phosphatidic acid in platelet rafts evidence for a critical role of cholesterol-enriched domains in human platelet activation. Biochemistry 2001 40 15290-15299. 

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