Plastics sources

Table 1.2, based on Modern Plastics sources, provides USA consumption figures (based on sales data) for the main groups of plastics materials. The figures probably underestimate the global importance of the major tonnage thermoplastics since these are also manufactured in quantity in developing countries and OPEC countries. 

Figure 22. Target product polyurethanes - All rounder among plastics. Source 3rd Carbon Dioxide Utilisation Summit. Courtesy Bayer.

Figure 16.6 Range of tensile properties for various plastics. Source Wittcoff and Reuben, Industrial Organic Chemicals in Perspective. Part Two Technology, Formulation, and Use, John Wiley Sons, 1980. Reprinted by permission of John Wiley Sons, Inc.)...

E) Liquid fuel obtained in the first stage i.e. Depolymerisation, can be directly utilized as fuel for DG sets, thereby generating electricity through a nonconventional waste plastic source, for applications such as agricultural pumps, as well as producing, boiler fuels, marine fuel, fuel oil and input feed for petroleum refineries. Gaseous fuel can be utilized as domestic or industrial fuel. 

Gamma-ray plastic sources The semi-point source is deposited in the leak-proof cavity of a rigid plastic holder. 

Use Organic synthesis, lubricating greases, waxes and plastics, source of arachidyl alcohol, biochemical research. 

Use Cement additive for oil-well casings, absorbent for oil spills (silicone-coated), to replace lime in scrubbing sulfur dioxide from flue gas, as a filler in plastics, source of germanium (England), proposed as catalyst for coal liquefaction, removal of heavy metals from industrial wastewaters, separation of oil-sand tailings. 

Polyethylene resins, employed in wood-plastic composite materials, typically belong to HDPE, and only in one case (Trex deck boards) it was LDPE (or LDPE/HDPE), originated from grocery sacks and stretch film, used as reclaimed plastic source. 

Varying Plastic Sources—Which to Choose for Composite Materials Movement of different fluid layers of the plastic-based composites sometimes has a different pattern with and without added regrind. It is often described as a difference in shear rate at the same viscosity. This might lead to a more narrow window for a proper flowability of the hot melt before a melt fracture is observed and result to a roughness, sharkskin effect, or other kinds of defective extruded profiles at conditions that would normally give good quality products. 

CFRP, carbon fiber reinforced plastic. Source. Ref. 1. 

Figure 3.12. Correlations of SPT N values with Uc for cohesive soils of varying plasticities. Source NAVFAC Manual DM 7 (1971) as reported in Hunt (1984).

Hazardous Decomp. Prods. Heated to decomp., emits acrid smoke and fumes Uses Organic synthesis lubricating greases waxes plastics source of arachidyl alcohol biochemical research emulsifier in cosmetics Manuf./Distrib. Aldrich http //www.sigma-aldrich.com, Fluka http //www.sigma-aldrich.com-, Penn Bio-Organics http //www.pennbio.com. Sigma... 

Precaution Flamm. dangerous fire risk dec. by acids with evolution of hydrogen Uses Reducing agent for aldehydes, ketones, and acid chlorides blowing agent for plastics source of hydrogen... 

Figure 1.4. Global materials use intensities for selected classes of materials in the recent past showing increased reliance on plastics. [Source I. K. Wemick and J. H. Ausbel, Dardalus, 125(3), 171 (1996).]...

FIGURE 4.7 Upper schematic diagram of a single-screw extruder. Lower a sheet extrusion die for plastics. Source Reproduced with permission from Styrolution, Styrolux, BASF. 

FIGURE 6.11 Diagram illustrating the potential enhanced biodegradability of only some bio-based plastics. Source Redrawn from Tokiwa et al. (2009). 

Fig. 3. An injection mold. The structure and dimensions of a type of injection mold suitable for zebrafish embryos are indicated. The mold should be made of thermo-resistant plastics Source After (20).

Another of the plastic lumber manufacturers. Superwood Holdings PLC, licenses its patented process. There is currently one Superwood plant in Canada and another being started in Alabama. The process machinery was developed in Holland and is known as the Klobbie Process. Although HOPE, LDPE and PP are the primary raw materials for plastic lumber production, PET and ABS are allowed but controlled. Due to the fact that PVC will degrade and produce a poor product if present in a mix as a high proportion, it may only be present in small amounts without special additives being added. If a separate source of PVC is available, it can be used at a lower temperature by itself to produce a quality lumber product. Examples of plastic sources for the Superwood process are manufacturers of... 

Figure 3.1 TPEs bridge the hardness ranges of rubbers and plastics. Source Ref. 10, p. 6.2.)...

Figure 8.7 Range of hardness common to plastics. (Source Dominick V. Rosato, Rosato s Plastics Encyclopedia and Dictionary, Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich, 1993.)...

Total fossil energy (cradle-to-factory gate), GJ/t plastic Source... 

Several companies offer different surface treatment techniques suitable for device manufacturing with medical-grade plastics [Source Internet], such as ... 

Company Plastic type Plastic source Wood source... 

---