Plastics and composites

Microwaves have also been studied for a variety of curing, bonding, and drying apphcations for plastics and composite materials (qv) (181). 

Rosato, D. V., Designing with Plastics and Composites A Handbook, Kluwer, 1991. 

Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials 13, No.2, March 2000, p.92-101 TERTIARY RECYCLING OF AUTOMOTIVE PLASTICS AND COMPOSITES... 

As an example of good choice of starting materials, NEC were interested in making wide use of biopolymers instead of petrochemically derived plastics and composites in their consumer electronics. There is a desire to use renewable materials to reduce reliance on non-renewables and to avoid the predicted rising cost of petrochemically derived materials. A range of biopolymers already exist, but they lack the performance required for products such as mobile phones, portable entertainment devices and mobile computers. 

Compatible with metal, sealants, cabling, plastic and composites... 

Energy production and consumption pose nature into pressure and make the energy sector becomes the largest contributor of greenhouse gas (GHG) emission in Vietnam since 2010, accounting for 67%. Several emission sources of GHG could be found in a waste treatment facilities it came from (1) emission of methane (CH4, GWP 25) at landfill of mixed waste, (2) from emission of fossil carbon dioxide through the combustion of plastics and composites or supported fuels (auxiliary), and (3) from emission of nitrous oxide (NOx) during incineration/ pretreatment process, etc. 

Materials fundamentals atomic bonding, crystalline structure, imperfection, phase diagrams and kinetics. Materials metals, ceramics, plastics and composites Materials selection for the chemical process industries... 

Chtourou, H., Riedl, B. and Ait-Kadi, A. (1992). Reinforcement of recycled polyolefins with wood fibres. Journal of Reinforced Plastic and Composites, 11, 372-394. 

Designers are directly or indirectly subjected to economical, technical and environmental constraints. Plastics and composites are well positioned to provide solutions. 

These very dissimilar parts used for very different functions, from small parts without any special features up to electrical generators, consume significant shares of engineering plastics and composites, as we can see in Table 2.33. 

The intrinsic mechanical properties of plastics and composites are different from those of conventional materials ... 

Plastics. Part of the trend to substitute plastic and composite substrates for metals can be attributed to a desire to avoid the process of metallic corrosion and subsequent failure. Relatively little attention has been called to the possible failure modes of plastics under environments considered corrosive to metals. More extensive work should be conducted on the durability and life expectancy of plastic and composite materials under end-use environments. A further consideration is the potential for polymer degradation by the products of metal corrosion in hybrid structures comprising metal and polymer components. Since it is expected that coatings will continue to be used to protect plastic and composite substrates, ancillary programs need to be conducted on the mechanisms by which coatings can protect such substrates. 

Plasma surface treatment of many polymers, including fabrics, plastics, and composites, often occurs. The production of ultra-thin films via plasma deposition is important in microelectronics, biomaterials, corrosion protection, permeation control, and for adhesion control. Plasma coatings are often on the order of 1 100 nm thick. 

Chemicals and materials are vital components of today s technological world, which has slowly evolved from the use of stone axes and bearskins to the development of satellites, antibiotics, alloys, plastics, and composites. This development is impressive but required thousands of years. If the frontiers of chemistry can expand far enough to include material design, the coming progression of technology will be much more rapid. 

One of the most desirable aspects of plastics and composites is the ability to make net-shaped parts. The same process that creates the material also creates the structure. The penalty for this advantage is that the process of curing a thermosetting plastic or composite part is irreversible. Any part that is not properly processed represents a loss of part, material and the money and time required to make that part, although larger parts are usually repaired if possible. Proper shape becomes a controlled property in addition to the bulk material properties, such as mechanical (stiffness or strength), physical (density, void content, etc.), chemical (degree of cure or carbonization, chemical resistance), electrical (resistivity, conductivity), or any combination of these. 

Vehicle building (automotive plastics and composites, wiring and cable coatings, and paints, electronics, adhesives, and fuel cells) and automotive refinishing... 

Cyclopentene is readily available as a byproduct in the ethylene production. Norbornene 2-ethylhexyl carboxylate is obtained by the Diels-Alder reaction of 2-ethylhexyl acrylate with cyclopenta-diene (5). Norbornene isobornyl carboxylate, norbornene phen-oxyethyl carboxylate, and other related monomers are synthesized according to the same route. Polymers obtained from these esters exhibit excellent properties in terms of controlling the crosslinking density, the associated product modulus, and the glass transition temperature (Tg), thus allowing tailoring the properties of elastomers, plastics and composites. Other suitable monomers are summarized in Table 1.1 and sketched in Figure 1.2. 

Juma M, Bafmec M. Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, 19, 13,2000, pl024. 

CLAYS. The terms chy or cloys commonly refer to cither rocks that are consolidated or unconsolidated sediments, nr a group of minerals having unique properties. Traditionally, clays (rocks) are distinctive in al least two properties that render them technologically useful plasticity and composition. Clays are predominantly composed of hydrous phyllosilicates. referred to as clay minerals. These are hydrous silicates of Al. Mg. K, anti He. and other less ahundanl elements. Clay minerals arc extremely fine crystals or particles, often colloidal in size and usually plate-like in shape. The nonclay mineral portion of clays (rocks) may consist of other minerals, portions of rocks, and organic compounds. 

Wiri lrnis. W.A. Engineering Plastics and Composites. 2nd Edition. ASM International, Maierials Park. OH. 1993. 

However, the technology of composite materials cannot be fully considered as a new chapter in the history of chemistry. Originally the term composite was used in conjunction with reinforced plastics. The US Society for Plastic Industries had a Reinforced Plastics Division which was renamed Reinforced Plastics and Composites Division, in 1967. [17] In France, a bi-monthly magazine entitled Plastique renforce/Verre textile published by the professional organization bearing the same name, started in 1963 and was rechristened in 1983 Composites with Plastique renforce/verre textile as a subtitle. The shift from reinforced plastics to composite... 

Introduction to Plastics and Composites Mechanical Properties and Engineering Applications, Edward Miller... 

Grewell, D. A., Plastics and Composites Welding Handbook, Hanser, 2003. 

Joining and Repair of Plastics and Composites. Conference Proceedings. 

---