Plastic processing technologies plastics forming

Prior to 1975, reaction of mixed butenes with syn gas required high temperatures (160—180°C) and high pressures 20—40 MPa (3000—6000 psi), in the presence of a cobalt catalyst system, to produce / -valeraldehyde and 2-methylbutyraldehyde. Even after commercialization of the low pressure 0x0 process in 1975, a practical process was not available for amyl alcohols because of low hydroformylation rates of internal bonds of isomeric butenes (91,94). More recent developments in catalysts have made low pressure 0x0 process technology commercially viable for production of low cost / -valeraldehyde, 2-methylbutyraldehyde, and isovaleraldehyde, and the corresponding alcohols in pure form. The producers are Union Carbide Chemicals and Plastic Company Inc., BASF, Hoechst AG, and BP Chemicals. 

The BFS technology is an advanced aseptic processing technique which allows plastic containers to be formed by means of molded extruded polymer granules, filled, and sealed in one continuous process. This differs from conventional aseptic processing where container formation, preparation, and sterilization, and container filling and closiu e are all separate processes. 

Another more recent technology is the cold forming of a foil sandwiched between two plastic plies. The process involves the forming of a relatively shallow, well radiused draw by a mechanical (cold) stretching action between male/female dies, or air... 

Osakada (2010). History of plasticity and metal forming analysis. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 210, 1436-1454. 

Professor, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Biological Process Technology Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul Elastic, plastic, and hydrogel-forming protein-based pol)nners... 

For that purpose, we follow a modem plastics article (a Compact Disk) from the starting material to the form, in which it will ultimately be used. The possibilities for recycling will also be explained. As a high-tech product, the CD is particularly well suited to serve as an example of modem plastics processing and injection molding technology. The diagram shows a CD and its dimensions. 

D.M. Bigg, Interrelation among feedstock form, product requirements, equipment type, and operating parameters in polymer mixing processes, Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering 23 (2) (1984) 133-168. 

Sc-vc-ral Ihonsancis ol c omponncis are associated with polymers In the form of additives such as antioxidants, lillc-rsor Inhricants, and so on, which aid the processing of plastic hnt can cause- prohic-ms onec- the plastic items have come to the end of their service lilc-, i.c-., hc-comc- waste-. I he- plastics waste sector also has to take into account that some technology used to process waste plastic is incompatible with the recycling process. 

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