Plasma s

Precision For samples and standards in which the concentration of analyte exceeds the detection limit by at least a factor of 50, the relative standard deviation for both flame and plasma emission is about 1-5%. Perhaps the most important factor affecting precision is the stability of the flame s or plasma s temperature. For example, in a 2500 K flame a temperature fluctuation of +2.5 K gives a relative standard deviation of 1% in emission intensity. Significant improvements in precision may be realized when using internal standards. 

Capdevila A, Wagner C (1998) Measurement of plasma S-adenosylmethionine and A-adeno-sylhomocysteine as their fluorescent isoindoles. Analyt Biochem 264 180-184... 

Substances Thrombin time of oxalate filled plasma, (s) The lysis time (h) at 37 °C of a clot produced from ... 

Increases in plasma S-AA levels have previously been reported in patients with coronary disease (57). S-AA and plasma intracellular adhesion molecule-1 were elevated in patients with CAD and hyperhomocysteinemia, but only S-AA decreased after vitamin supplementation (35). Homocysteine activates nuclear factor- in endothelial cells, possibly via oxidative stress (58), and increases monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 expression in vascular smooth muscle cells (59). Additionally, it stimulates interleukin-8 expression in human endothelial cultures (60). These inflammatory factors are known to participate in the development of atherosclerosis. Taken together, these reports suggest an association of elevated tHcy and low-grade inflammation in CAD. 

Yi P, Melnyk S, Pogribna M, Pogribny IP, Hine RJ, James SJ. 2000. Increase in plasma homocysteine associated with parallel increase in plasma S-adenosylhomocysteine and lymphocyte DNA hypomethylation. J Biol Chem 275 29318-29323. 

To a first approximation, this behavior can be understood by considering the processes that a drop of sample undergoes in the ICP (Fig. 3.2) and the main effects of a change in nebulizer gas flow rate on the plasma. After the sample aerosol exits the center tube of the torch, it travels a short distance (2 to 10 mm) before it enters the plasma s center channel. As the nebulizer gas flow rate is increased, the location where the plasma begins (and the temperature increases rapidly) in the center of the plasma moves downstream (Fig. 3.17). Therefore, for... 

INFLAMMATORY AND IMMUNE RESPONSES AND RESPIRATORY, CARDIOVASCULAR, REPRODUCTIVE, AND NERVOUS SYSTEM PHYSIOLOGY. In all of these systems, the effects are mediated through a receptor(s) located on the plasma(s) membrane of responsive cells. Usually the biological effects noted are directly associated with stimulated cells or tissues. There is also support for the presence of PAF (and certain analogs) in normal tissues, with examples being the brain, uterus, lung, and the glandular stomach. 

Studies on humans and dogs show that sulfur dioxide is excreted primarily in the urine as sulfate (Savic et al. 1987 Yokoyama et al. 1971). Yokoyama et al. (1971) exposed dogs via inhalation to 35S02 and determined that 35S was excreted primarily in the urine as sulfate. An average of 84.4% of the urinary radioactivity was exhibited as inorganic sulfate 92.4% was total sulfate. In humans it is estimated that 12-15% of sulfur dioxide absorbed to mucous membranes is desorbed and exhaled (Speizer and Frank 1966). Plasma S-sulfonates are relatively long-lived in the body, with half-life clearance of 4.1 d in rabbits exposed to 10 ppm sulfur dioxide (Gunnison and Palmes 1974). 

In order to obtain more information on the possible modes of decomposition of PI, the films were also treated in Ar and He plasma s. Figure 6 shows the spectra obtained after 2 min treatment in Ar or He plasma, respectively. After the Ar plasma the spectrum has changed markedly. New peaks are at 18 (H20+), 29 (COH+), 44, 45, 74, and a series at 90, 102, 118, 130 and 149/150. The most likely identities are given in Table I. 

In this study we have compared the effects of a treatment of a simple polyolefin (PP) in a variety of AC plasma s with that of air corona. The primary purpose was to investigate, as in the first part of this paper, whether static SIMS can be used to increase the understanding of such modified surfaces. The actual chemistry that takes place at the surface of this and other polyolefins will be published in more detail elsewhere. 

In H2 plasma s reaction 3 occurs upon exposure to the atmosphere. Clearly, more work needs to be done before the surface chemistry of polymer modification can be more clearly understood. Static SIMS can play an important role in such studies. 

Figure 9.59 Cluster ion formation of a boron nitride/graphite mixture in a laser plasma. (). S. Becker and H. ). Dietze, Fresenius ). Anal. Chem., 359, 338(1997). Reproduced by permission of Springer Science and Business Media.)...

Poston (1984) showed that, in isolated rat tissues, about 5% of the catabolic flux of leucine was by way of aminomutase action to yield /S-leucine, and then isobutyryl CoA, with the remainder provided by the more conventional a-transamination pathway leading to the formation of isovaleryl CoA. In patients suffering from vitamin B12 deficiency, there is an elevation of plasma /S-leucine, suggesting that the aminomutase may act to metabolize /S -leucine arising from intestinal bacteria, rather than as a pathway for leucine catabolism. 

Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. In plasma or urine detection limit 100pg/ml in plasma—S. Murray et al., Biomed. Mass Spectrom., 1981, 5, 500-502. 

Although the data show a relationship between the ability of a surface to adsorb fibrinogen out of plasma, the plasma s inability to convert this fibrinogen, and the tendency of platelets to adhere, it does not confirm that adsorption of fibrinogen must precede adhesion of platelets to all kinds of surface, or that surfaces which adsorb fibrinogen under these conditions will be bad biomaterials in vivo as heart valves, blood vessels, or canulae, or ex vivo as artificial kidney membranes—even though the latter are most likely to be impeded by any adsorbate. 

Coagulation factors I, II, V, VII, IX-XIII are synthesized in hepato-cytes. To a minor extent, factor I is also synthesized in the intrahepatic RES, while factor Vlll is formed exclusively in the RES. Formation of factors II, VII, IX and X as well as of the two inhibitor proteins C and S depends on vitamin K, the absence of which will cause the synthesis to decline. Factors 1, V, XI, XII and Xni are formed without the mediation of vitamin K. Proteolytic enzymes convert coagulation factors into active factors in the plasma, (s. tab. 5.12)... 

Hepatic porphyrias show the following characteristics (1.) intermittent course, (2.) increased ALA synthase activity, and (3.) acute attacks induced or manifesting during the latency period due to numerous causes such as alcohol (281), hunger, carbohydrate deficiency, hormones, stress, intoxication, metabolic products and medicaments, (s. tab. 31.13) The diagnosis is based upon the clinical symptomatology and the excretion pattern of the porphyrins or their precursors in the urine and faeces as well as their concentrations in the erythrocytes and plasma, (s. tab. 31.14)... 

P, Plasma S, serum B, whole blood EDTA> ethylenediaminetetraacetate. 

Most of the clinical laboratory information used to assess kidney function is derived from or related to measurement of the clearance of some substance by the kidneys. The renal clearance of a substance is defined as the volume of plasma from which the substance is completely cleared by the kidneys per unit of time. Provided a substance S is in stable concentration in the plasma is physiologically inert freely filtered at the glomerulus and neither secreted, reabsorbed, synthesized, nor metabolized by the kidney, then the amount of that substance filtered at the glomerulus is equal to the amount excreted in the urine (i.e., the amount of S entering the kidney must exactly equal the amount leaving it). The amount of S filtered at the glomerulus = GFR multiplied by plasma S concentration GFR X PS. The amount of S excreted equals the urine S concentration (US) multiplied by the urinary flow rate (V, volume excreted per unit time). 

The field of industrial plasma engineering has grown in recent years. The uses are motivated by plasma s ability to accomplish industrially relevent results more efficiently and cheaply than competing processes. The research program concerning plasma treatment of textile materials was launched at the Polish Textile Institute in 1973 to improve the soil release properties of double jersey fabrics from textunsed polyester yams. The first experiments with wool date back to 1980 to replace the chlorination in fabric preparation for printing. Tliree machines for continuous plasma treatment of wool top have been developed as follows ... 

Fig. 1. Relationship between the VKORCl —1639 G>A genotype, plasma. S -warl arin concentration, and INR response.. S -warl arin plasma concentrations at steady-state are graphed for each of the VKOR Cl —1639 G>A genotypes. All subjects were stabilized with an INR between 2.0 and 3.0. Mean dose (mg/d) and average plasma concentrations for each of the groups are as follows VKORCl -1639 AA (n = 8) 2.7 mg/d, 0.48 mg/L VKOR Cl -1639 GA (n = 23) 4.3 mg/day, 0.54 mg/L and VKOR Cl —1639 GG (n = 29) 6.7 mg/d, 0.73 mg/L. Data originally published in Zhu Y, Sherman M, Reynolds KK, et al. Estimation of warfarin maintenance dose based on VKORCl (—1639 G>A) and CYP2C9 genotypes. Clin Chem 2007 53(7) l 199-205.)...

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