Plasma composition

Lentner, C. (1984). Human plasma composition (Physical chemistry, composition of the blood, haematology, sonatometric data). Geigy Scientific Tables, Vol. 3. Basle, Switzerland Ciba Geigy. 

Holms, S. and Schwartz, P. (1990). Amination of ultra-high strength polyethylene using ammonia plasma. Composites Sci. Technol. 38, 121. 

Applications of these techniques to drug metabolism are reviewed by Nicholson and Wilson (1989), Preece and Timbrell (1990), and Malet-Martino and Martino (1992). Their application to the study of plasma composition in cancer has been reviewed by Vion-Dury et al. (1993). 

R. J. van Bameveld, E. S. Batterham, D. C. Skingle, and B. W. Norton, The effect of heat on amino acids for growing pigs. 4. Nitrogen balance and urine, serum and plasma composition of growing pigs fed on raw or heat-treated field peas (Pisum sativum), Br. J. Nutr., 1995, 73, 259-273. 

Emission spectroscopy is the most popular since it is easy to implement. It is frequently used in industrial equipment for real-time control of a process. Very fine qualitative information of the plasma composition can be obtained. The drawback of this technique is that it provides information from excited species. These are only a small fraction of the total number of species, and they may be produced by more than one excitation pathway. Indeed the measured intensity /a emitted by electron-excited species A from the ground state A can be expressed as ... 

Figure 7 Letkeman (1996) used chemical speciation calculations to estimate the major complexes for lead and mercury as a function of pH in a fluid having overall plasma composition. The results show that most metal complexes with low-molecular-weight organic ligands such as amino acids diminish in importance with decreasing pH (such as in the gastric fluids) due to the increased protonation of the organic ligands. Cl—chloride Cy—cysteinate Ct—citrate Glut— glutathione (reproduced by permission of the Division of Chemical Education Inc. from J. Chem. Educat.

TABLE 4.18 Effect of Severe Malnutrition on Plasma Composition... 

In addition to the types of food and drinks ingested, specific food-related situations will also influence plasma composition. They include vegetarianism, obesity, malnutrition, fasting, and starvation. 

The dc plasma jet described for example by Margoshes and Scribner [367] is a current-carrying plasma. This also applies to the disk stabilized arc according to Riemann [352], where the form of the plasma is stabilized by using several disks with radial gas introduction keeping the plasma form stable under different sample loads and the influence of the plasma composition on the plasma properties low. However, the plasma described by Kranz [368] is a transferred plasma. 

Composition of the Plasma. No direct determination of the plasma composition was attempted in the present study. Only a few efforts in this direction have appeared in the literature. O Halloran et al. (26), have directly sampled an argon plasma jet using a specially designed entrance cone opening to a time-of-flight mass spectrometer. Raisen et al. (30), have made spectroscopic identifications of species in an air plasma. Unlike the mass spectrometer measurements, however, emission spectroscopy is difficult to quantify because of the wide variance in the oscillator-strengths of the likely emitters. 

Faced with the difficulty of determining plasma composition directly, one is prone to apply equilibrium predictions as a guide to local plasma composition. Referring both to Figures 2 and 3, a highly dissociated composition can be expected in most of the plasma region. Temperatures in excess of 10,000°K., expected over most of the central region of the plasma, would dictate that the atomic species H, C, and N, and their ions would predominate. 

Thermochemical Equilibrium Predictions. As described in the Plasma Composition section, above, a full range of composition calculations were made assuming thermochemical equilibrium. These calculations predicted that the plasma composition within the RF. coil would be dominated by atomic species for the specific power input used in this study. Perhaps the following additional consideration of these theoretical predictions can elucidate the processes occurring during rapid quench. 

Plasma Composition section, above, solid-carbon formation may be retarded in this system. Therefore, a second set of mole fraction data have been presented for comparison in Table II which excludes the species C(s) from the calculation. 

Lipoproteins were isolated from fasting plasma. Composition is in wt% of total fatty acids. Source Adapted from Skipski [6]. 

The wafer energy balance has to be solved simultaneously with the plasma reactor model since the etchant concentration, ion flux, and energy are needed as input to the wafer energy balance [98]. In turn, if the etch rate is temperature sensitive, the flux of product into the plasma (and in turn the plasma composition and output of the plasma reactor model) will depend on wafer temperature. Even for a temperature insensitive etch reaction, the wafer temperature will affect the gas density for an etch with controlled pressure (typical case). 

Bochsler P (1984) Helium and oxygen in the solar wind dynamic properties and abnndances of elements and helium isotopes as observed with the ISEE-3 plasma composition experiment. Habihtation Thesis, Univ Bern, Switzerland... 

The adsorbed protein layer formed on these surfaces in plasma was found to be greatly enriched in hemoglobin relative to the bulk plasma composition. 

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