Plants Case Studies

The following information was used in olefin plant case studies to determine if the ethylene/propylene cascaded refrigeration systems had enough horsepower for various plant operations. The propylene was condensed against cooling water at 110°F and the ethylene was condensed against propylene at -20°F. For comparison, the horsepower requirements for each refrigerant alone are also shown. 

USE OF DATA RECONCILIATION A ZINC PLANT CASE STUDY... 

Vanisko, G.J., "The Microscope Helps a Cement Plant (Case Study)," Cement Chemists Seminar, Portland Cement Association, Skokie, Illinois, 1978,6 pp. 

Howard, F., 1977. Chemical reactor design for process plants. Case Study 106 Ammonia Synthesis. John Wiley Sons, Inc., New York. 

The salient features of SWRO and brackish water RO (BWRO) desalination processes that determine plant design and influence capital and operating costs are summarised below. Several RO desalination plant case studies are subsequently discussed to illustrate systems design and operation. 

Cansolv , 2009. Cansolv SO2 scruhhing system for sulfuric acid plants, case study refinery acid plant tail gas treatment. Retrieved from http //www.cansolv.com/rtecontent/docu ment/CaseStudy.AcidPlantTailGas.pdf (accessed 05.10.12). 

Brehm, J. M., Maxted, N., Ford-Lloyd, B. V. and Martins-Lou ao, M. A. (2007). National inventories of crop tvild relatives and tvild harvested plants case-study for Portugal. Crop resources and crop evolution. Available at http //vwtv.springerlink.com/content/ a56v59k4q5632324. 

Vandenberghe, L.P.S., Soccol, C.R., Lebeault, J.M., et al., 1998. Intemational Congress Biotech 98 Cassava Wastes Hydrolysate an Alternative Carbon Source for Citric Acid Production by Candida Lipolytica. Portugal. Venkatesh, G., Brattebo, H., 2011. Environmental impact analysis of chemicals and energy consumption in wastewater treatment plants case study of Oslo, Norway. Water Science and Technology 63,1018-1031. 

L. W. Bamthouse, R. J. Klauda, D. S. Vaughan, and R. L. Kendak, eds.. Science, Eaw, and Hudson Fiver Power Plants, A Case Study in Environmental Impact Assessment, American Fisheries Society Monograph 4, Bethesda, Md., 1988. 

At times, it is possible to build an empirical mathematical model of a process in the form of equations involving all the key variables that enter into the optimisation problem. Such an empirical model may be made from operating plant data or from the case study results of a simulator, in which case the resultant model would be a model of a model. Practically all of the optimisation techniques described can then be appHed to this empirical model. 

H. F. Rase, Chemical Reactor Design for Process Plants, Vol. 2 Case Studies, John Wiley Sons, 1977. 

Rase Case Studies and Design Data, vol. 2 of Chemical Reactor Design for Process Plants, Wiley 1977) has these items ... 

A case study of the hydrogenation of cottonseed oil is made by Rase [Chemical Reactor De.sign for Proce.s.s Plants, vol. 2, Wiley, 1977, pp. 161-178). 

As w as mentioned earlier, extra rows are provided as can be seen in Figure 1. This gives extra flexibility needed for process design case studies. Often, the set of case studies initially envisioned by the engineer or manager are not sufficient to answer all questions. The extra rows allow intermediate recycles or intermediate flows from or additions to the plant that might not have been envisioned initially. Another value of the intermediate rows is to provide component values at intermediate points in the process. The breakeven value of a proposed purchase stream from another plant would be one use of intermediate component values. 

The scope of the previously addressed CE case study is now altered to allow for stream segregation, mixing, and recycle within the ethyl chloride plant. There are five sinks the reactor (u = 1), the first scrubber (u = 2), the second scrubber (u = 3), the mixing tank (u = 4) and the biotreatment facility for effluent treatment (m = 5). There are six sources of CE-laden aqueous streams (in = 1-6). There is the potential for segregating two liquid sources (lu = 2, 4). The following process constraints should be considered ... 

The objective of this case study is to determine the target for minimizing the total load (flowrate x composition) of CE discharged in terminal wastewater of the plant using segregation, mixing, and recycle strategies. 

Case Study Combining Heat and Mass Inte ation for an Ammonium Nitrate Plant... 

Papazoglou, I. A. et al., 1992, On the Management of Severe Chemical Accidents DECARA A Computer code for Consequence Analysis in Chemical Installations Case Study September 14, 1998 Ammonia Plant, J. Haz. Mat. 31, pp 135-153. 

Generally speaking, typical major incident conditions correspond to a release of some ten thousands of kilograms of some hydrocarbon at the site of a chemical plant or refinery that is characterized by the presence of obstructed and partially confined areas in the form of densely spaced equipment. The relative agreement with results derived from the multienergy method indicates that application of this concept is a reasonable approach for this case study. 

A CASE STUDY OF GAS EXPLOSIONS IN A PROCESS PLANT USING A THREE-DIMENSIONAL COMPUTER CODE... 

The present work will apply one of the above mentioned 3D codes, namely the EXSIM code, to a case study of gas explosions in a process plant. The scenario was specified by Mancini for use in a workshop at a recent conference arranged by the Center for Chemical Process Safety of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers (CCPS/AIChE 1991). 

The preceding case studies have shown that gas explosion calculations inside realistic process plant layouts are possible, using the state-of-the-art 3D computer model, named EXSIM. The peak pressures found in the four chosen calculation cases are summarized in the following table ... 

Finally, CCPS is grateful to Dr. B. H. Hjertager, Telemark Institute of Technology and Telemark Innovation Centre, Porsgrunn, Norway, for preparing A Case Study of Gas Explosions in a Process Plant Using a Three-dimensional Computer Code (Appendix F). 

---