Oxidative Stress in Plants

Foyer, C.H., The contribution of photos5mthetic oxygen metabolism to oxidative stress in plants, in Oxidative Stress in Plants, Inze, D. and van Montagu, M., Eds., Taylor Francis, London, 2002, 33. 

A16. Arnao, M. B., Cano, A., Guerrero, J. R., and Acosta, M., In Winter Meeting 1998 of the Society for Free Radical Research (European Region) Oxygen, Free Radicals and Oxidative Stress in Plants (Euroconference), p. 19. Granada, Spain, (1998). 

Bartosz, G. Oxidative stress in plants Acta Physiol. Plant 19 (1997) 47-64. 

Couee, I., C. Suhnon, G. Gouesbet, and A. El Amrani. 2006. Involvement of soluble sugars in reactive oxygen species balance and responses to oxidative stress in plants. J. Exp. Bot. 57 449 59. 

Bajguz A (2012) Origin of brassinosteroids and their role in oxidative stress in plants. In Khan NA, Nazar R, Iqbal N, Anjum NA (eds) Phytohormones and abiotic stress tolerance in plants. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg, pp 169-183... 

Fig. 11. Hypothetical model for the oxidative burst in plant cells, in response to mechanical stress. Based on [174] and [172]...

Biochemical Approach to Study Oxidative Damage in Plants Exposed to Allelochemical Stress A Case Study... 

Leimu R, Koricheva J (2006) A meta-analysis of tradeoffs between plant tolerance and resistance to herbivores combining the evidence from ecological and agricultural studies. Oikos 112 1-9 Lesser MP (2006) Oxidative stress in marine environments biochemistry and physiological ecology. Annu Rev Physiol 68 253-278... 

In search of novel natural antioxidant compounds that might posses a good brain bioavailability, our laboratory has focused attention on the phenolic compound ferulic acid ethyl ester (FAEE) (Fig. 18.1). Ferulic acid is a ubiquitous plant constituent that occurs primarily in seeds and leaves both in its free form and covalently linked to lignin and other biopolymers. Due to its phenolic nucleus and an extended side chain conjugation, it readily forms a resonance stabilized phenoxy radical that accounts for its potent antioxidant potential [Kanski et al., 2002 Kikuzaki et al., 2002], Ferulic acid has been shown to be protective against oxidative stress in vitro it is absorbed and excreted by humans, and may be a promising candidate for therapeutic intervention in AD [Yan et al., 2001]. Although ferulic acid has been demonstrated to be effective in vitro, the low lipophilicity impairs its in vivo efficiency, bioavailability, and stability. 

Eckey-Kaltenbach, H., Heller, W., Sonnenbichler, J., Zetl, I., Schafer, W., Ernst, D. and Sandermann, H. Jr. (1 993) Oxidative stress and plant secondary metabolism 6 -0-malonylapiin in parsley. Phytochemistry 34(3), 687-691. 

De Vos ChHR, Vonk MJ, Vooijs R and Schat H (1992) Glutathione depletion due to copper-induced phytochelatin synthesis causes oxidative stress in Silene cucubalus. Plant Physiol 98 853-858. 

Foyer, C.H., andG. Noctor. 2005. Oxidant and antioxidant signaling in plants a re-evaluation of the concept of oxidative stress in a physiological context Plant Cell Environ. 28 1056-1071. 

Phenolics are commonly present in both edible and inedible parts of plants. They act as antioxidants in food systems in order to minimize rancidity and protect cells from oxidative stress in the body. With the growing interest in replacing synthetic antioxidants with natural alternatives, many plant materials including tree nuts have been explored for their phenolic contents and antioxidant efficacies. A variety of phenolic compounds such as phenolic acids, llavonoids, and olher polyphenols have been isolated from almond and identified (Table 8.1). 

Oxalic acid poses a problem to both leafy plants and vertebrates because these organisms cannot catabolize it [108]. Although accumulation of oxalate leads to stress in plants, in vertebrates this molecule can be metaboHzed by bacteria present in the intestinal tract [109]. Oxalate can be catabolized in different ways by oxidation, by decarboxylation of oxalyl-coenzyme A or by direct decarboxylation. Both oxidation and decarboxylation of oxalate are catalyzed by Mn-containing enzymes. Here we will discuss the oxalate decarboxylate reaction that produces formate and CO2. The crystal structure of oxalate oxidase from Bacillus subtilis... 

Plant phenolics are cmisidered to have a key role as defense compounds when environmental stresses, such as high light, low temperatures, pathogen infection, herbivores, and nutrient dehciency, can lead to an increased production of free radicals and other oxidative species in plants. Both biotic and abiotic stresses stimulate carbon fluxes from the primary to the secondary metabolic pathways. 

Foyer, C. H., Lelandais, M., Edwards, E. A., and Mullineaux, P. M., 1991, The role of ascorbate in plants, interactions with photosynthesis, and regulatory significance, in Active Oxygen/Oxidative Stress and Plant Metabolism (E. Pell and K. Steffen, eds.), pp. 131-144, American Society of Plant Physiologists. 

Hernandez, J.A. Olmos, E. Corpas, T., Sevilla, F. and Rio, L.A. (1995). Salt induced oxidative stress in chloroplast of pea plants. Plant Science. 105 151-167. 

Plants produce a very impressive array of antioxidant compounds, including carotenoids, flavonoids, ciimamic acids, benzoic acids, folic acid, ascorbic acid, tocopherols, and tocotrienols, and plant-based foods are our major source of dietary antioxidants. Antioxidant compounds are concentrated in the oxidation-prone sites of the plant, such as the oxygen-producing chloroplast and the PUFA-rich seeds and oils. Plants make antioxidants to protect their own structures from oxidant stress, and plants increase antioxidant synthesis at times of additional need and when environmental conditions are particularly harsh. 

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