Planning expansion

It shows concisely the existing vendor capacities for the raw material, planned expansions or new producers, demands for other uses, and demand within the analyst s company. In some cases, the report includes a wodd supply and demand balance. A key objective of a purchase profile report is to make the buyer as well informed as the marketing manager of the seller. If this is achieved, the buyer can often secure a beneficial purchase contract. 

We consider a central business location in Vienna to be ideal for a consultancy such as ChemKit. Apart from good travel connections, another point to be taken into account is sufficient space for future expansion opportunities with a special focus on the transition countries in Eastern and Central Europe. Moreover, many public institutions such as the BMLFUW and other partners are also based in the capital. Further locations in the various Austrian federal provinces should also be considered for the planned expansion of business activities over the subsequent years. Priority should be given to Styria, Lower Austria and Upper Austria, as key customers are located in these federal provinces. 

Change requests can result from both planned and unplanned events. Planned events can be scheduled, and can be the result of a planned expansion in business requirements. Emergency or unplanned events can result from software or hardware problems that prevent the application from performing its defined tasks. 

Nicholson, M. (1972) Planned expansion of tourism to bring in new areas and fresh fields of interest. Tourism and the Environment (pp. 48-51). London British Tourist Authority. 

Figure 7. Planned expansion of the desk-top computer network ((-------) existing...

To facilitate the planned expansion of the opium trade, the British banking and merchant circle founded the Hongkong Shanghai Corporation in 1864. Almost simultaneously, the Matheson family founded Rio Tinto (now Rio Tinto Zinc), a tin mining venture in Spain which soon began shipping these ores as a method of payment for the opium. 

Planned expansions in the petrochemical and plastic resin manufacturing sectors, the growing number of multinational companies establishing laboratory facilities in Singapore, and the increasing complexity of both polymer materials and fabrication proces.ses indicate that there will be an increasing demand for personnel with qualifications in polymer science and technology. 

The DCF method is not suitable for projects where a net negative cash flow takes place late in the project taking the cumulative cash flow back below the zero line. In most cases such a large cash outflow is a result of additional capital investment in a planned expansion of capacity. It is unlikely that a decision to commit funds to the expansion will be made at the same time as the decision on the original project so the two can be treated separately and individual cash flows evaluated. 

Eastman Plans Expansion of Coal Chemicals Facility." Chemical Market Reporter, February 6, 1989, p. 3. 

Independent research was just one of the regular tasks of the research department, which dealt also with the planned expansion of existing processes and products, and their improvement. It was also a reservoir for knowledge, continually at the disposal of the management. The tasks of the scientific department of the laboratory were mainly in the fields of the rhodamines, discovered in 1887, and direct azo dyestuffs, such as primuline. 

What impact do the answers to these questions have on the profitable life of the existing plant On the profitability of planned expansions ... 

On the choice of OEMs and system design for planned expansions ... 

In the fall of 1976 I had a call from a friend, Sid Benson, who, after a decade at the Stanford Research Institute, just returned to the University of Southern California (USC) in Los Angeles. He invited me for a visit, telling me about USC s plans to build up seleeted programs, ineluding chemistry. I visited USC and found it, with its close to downtown urban campus, quite different from the sprawling expanse of the eross-town eampus of UCLA, whieh I had visited on a number of oe-... 

Supply and demand statistics for 1988 for all regions of the wodd as compiled by SRI International are given in Table 5. The wodd producers of acetal resins and their aimual capacities are Hsted in Table 6 (29). Hoechst Celanese and Ultraform Corporation (a joint venture of Degussa and BASF) have aimounced capacity expansions in the United States to 77,000 t and 16,000 t, respectively both were due in place in 1990. Part of general capacity expansion plans, aimounced by Du Pont for completion in 1991, are beHeved to apply to acetal resins. 

Because of projected nylon-6,6 growth of 4—10% (167) per year in the Far East, several companies have announced plans for that area. A Rhc ne-Poulenc/Oriental Chemical Industry joint venture (Kofran) announced a 1991 startup for a 50,000-t/yr plant in Onsan, South Korea (168,169). Asahi announced plans for a 15,000-t/yr expansion of adipic acid capacity at their Nobeoka complex in late 1989, accompanied by a 60,000-t/yr cyclohexanol plant at Mizushima based on their new cyclohexene hydration technology (170). In early 1990 the Du Pont Company announced plans for a major nylon-6,6 complex for Singapore, including a 90,000-t/yr adipic acid plant due to start up in 1993 (167). Plans or negotiations for other adipic acid capacity in the area include Formosa Plastics (Taiwan) (171) and BASF-Hyundai Petrochemical (South Korea) (167). Adipic acid is a truly worldwide... 

The Great Canadian Oil Sands, Ltd. (GCO) (Sun Oil Co.) has been operating a plant at Eort McMurray, Alberta, Canada, since 1967. Initially, some 8050 t/d (55,000 bbl/d) of synthetic cmde oil was produced from coking (158) with the project expanding to 9220 t/d (63,000 bbl/d). Since 1978, Syncmde Canada has been producing ca 22,000 m /d (140,000 bbl) synthetic cmde oil by fluid coking from their plant at Cold Lake, Alberta, Canada (159) with expansion planned for ca 35,000 m /d (225,000 bbl/d). 

Isocyanates are now produced for Rhone-Poulenc by SNPE. A 27,000-t expansion is planned. 

In a similar announcement, Eastman Chemical Co. and Rhc ne-Poulenc S.A. have recently formed a 50/50 joint venture to make 59,090 metric tons /yr of cellulose acetate filter tow and fiber by the fourth quarter of 1993 (107). Eastman Chemical Co. aimounced a multimillion doUar expansion of its own filter tow capacity by approximately 11,363 metric tons/yr to be completed by mid-1991. The expansion brings the company s worldwide filter tow capacity up to 154,545 metric tons (108). Eastman Chemical Co. aimounced plans to expand the production of cellulose acetate butryates and cellulose acetate propionates by 20 and 40%, respectively, by mid-1991 (109). 

There are 12 producers of ethylene oxide ia the United States. Table 9 shows the plant locations, estimated capacities, and types of processes employed. The total U.S. production capacity for 1992 was ca 3.4 x 10 metric tons. The percentages of total domestic production made by the air- and oxygen-based processes are ca 20 and 80%, respectively. The largest producer is Union Carbide Corp. with approximately one-third of the United States ethylene oxide capacity. About 94% of domestic ethylene oxide capacity is located on the Gulf Coast near secure and plentiful ethylene suppHes. Plans for additional U.S. production ia the 1990s have been announced by Union Carbide (incremental expansions), Eormosa Plastics (at Pt. Comfort, Texas), and Shell (at Geismar, Louisiana) (101). 

Any company planning a major expansion must concentrate on environmental factors from the outset. Since many environmental approvals require a pubhc hearing, the views of local elected officials and tne com-... 

A PFBC boiler is visually similar to an AFBC boiler. The combustor is made of water-wall tubing, which contains the high-temperature environment, but the whole assembly is placed within a pressure vessel. Unlike an AFBC unit, there is no convection pass, as the flue-gas temperature must be maintained at boiler temperature to maximize energy recovery by the expansion turbine. There is an economizer after the turbine for final heat recoveiy. A simplified schematic is presented in Fig. 27-49. An 80-MWe demonstration plant, operating at 1.2 MPa (180 psia), began operation in 1989 with a power producdion intensity of 3 MWe/m (1 MWe/3.5 fU). By 1996, five units of this size had been construcded, and a 320-MWe unit is planned to commence operation in 1998. 

Each refinery is designed to manufacmre products as economically as possible based on the best knowledge available with regard to end product needs, future expansion plans, crude availability and other pertinent factors. 

In the immediate term, however, your plan may be most effective if you focus on the specific needs and priorities you have identified in the course of your work so far. If you clearly define the scope of your plan, and it directly addresses specific needs, your efforts will be far more successful than if you try to do all things for all people. Moreover, focusing on priority needs will almost certainly provide a sound basis for expansion or adaptation for example, procedures developed to address training for operators using high-hazaid materials at one facility (see Rextown vs. Effingham in Figure 5-2) should be readily adaptable to lower-hazard substances at another facility— far more so than the other way around. 

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