PIXE particle induced X-ray

With PIXE (particle-induced X-ray emission analysis) or SYXEA (synchrotron radiation X-ray emission analysis) it is possible to study copper in the amniotic fluid (Napolitano et al. 1994) and copper mobilization in the root tips (Knbchel... 

PIXE particle induced X-ray emission spectrometry (variant of XRF for thin surface layers)... 

PIXE Particle Induced X-ray Emission Thin films, surface layers High energy Ions (H or He ) Characteristic X-rays <10 pm 1 pm-2 mm Trace impurities Z>3 deleclion limit 0.1-100 ppm (depending on sample thickness) 48... 

IPM can be used simultaneously with RBS (Rutherford backscattering spectrometry), NRA (nuclear reaction analysis), PIXE (particle induced X-ray emission) or PIGE (particle induced gamma ray emission). More specialized examples include the field ion microscope (FIM), which gives better then atomic resolution in the study of high melting point materials. 

CPAA Charged particle activation analysis PIXE Particle-induced X-ray emission... 

As we have already mentioned, characteristic X-rays can also be induced using accelerated heavy particles such as protons. This technique is called PIXE Particle-Induced X-ray Emission) [5.11-5.13]. The cross-section for the creation of an iimer shell vacancy is very high using protons at an energy of a few MeV, and therefore a sensitivity much better than that typical for X-ray fluorescence is obtained. Most elements except the very light ones Z < 14) can be detected in concentrations below Ippb (parts per billion ... 

PIXE Particle Induced X-ray Emission Thin lilms. suriace layers High energy ions (H orHe ) Characlerlsllc X-rays <10 m 1 pm-2 mm... 

PAS photoacoustic spectroscopy polyarylsulfone PIXE particle induced x-ray emission... 

Besides total concentration of multielements, their spatial distribution in samples is also very important in understanding their bioavailability, trophic transfer, and environmental risk. A number of complementary analytical techniques exist for the mapping of elemental distributions in biological tissues including SRXRF (synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence) with microbeam (SR-pXRF), microscopic EDX (energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence), microscopic WDX (wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence), microscopic PIXE (particle-induced X-ray emission), laser ablation ICP-MS, microscopic SIMS (secondary ion mass spectrometry). 

RBS, Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy XPS, X-ray photoeiectron spectroscopy TOF-SIMS, time of fiight secondary ion mass spectrometry Vibrationai spectroscopies include Infrared techniques such as FTIR and Raman spectroscopy SEM/EDS, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray emission spectroscopy PIXE, particle-induced X-ray emission spectroscopy. 

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