Pipeline safety security

As pipelines per se are fairly vulnerable to sabotage and terrorist actions, the social and political stability in the involved countries are of greatest importance for the security of natural gas supply. This especially applies to transit countries that - per definition - are not part of the gas supply contracts. It is therefore mandatory that transit countries are enabled to make use of their compensation in a prosperous manner for the sake of improving the social stability. It is assumed that this in the next run will increase the safety of energy supply that is crucial to all parties. 

As with other sectors of our society, the operating environment of the pipeline industry has been profoundly altered by September 11, 2001. Security has been elevated to a priority that previously had not been required when the major threat was an occasional and usually minor act of vandalism. In most cases, the threat with gas pipelines may be economic disruption more than public or environmental safety for most incident locations. The lines are buried through most of their runs and there may be more attractive surface targets. However, the threat is real and is being addressed. It is beyond the scope of this entry to elaborate in detail, but enhanced security measures are being evaluated and implemented throughout the industry. 

In the United States, the Department of Transportation (U S. DOT) is the primary regulatory body for transportation-related regulations. The Hazardous Materials Transportation Act (HMTA) authorizes U.S. DOT to regulate the transportation of hazardous materials. The Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA) has responsibihty for safe and secure movement of hazardous materials by all transportation modes, with the exception of bulk marine shipments. PHMSA establishes the following hazardous materials regulations, which are contained in Title 49 of the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) ... 

Risk analyses have been used for decades in Norway to support decisions related to industrial and societal developments. Primarily these analyses have focused on the risk for concerned employees. In recent years societal security has become an important issue and the enterprises have to demonstrate the safety of their facility according to the SEVESO II Directive. In this paper we will discuss important steps in relation to developing an LNG (liquefied natural gas) facility at Risavika outside Stavanger in Norway. Natural gas from the North Sea is transported through pipelines to shore, and then being liquefied at a process plant before it is stored in a huge tank. The LNG is distributed from the facdity to local consumers by LNG tankers and LNG lorries. The LNG facility is now imder construction by the local energy supplier Lyse. The necessary approval from local and central authorities has been obtained. 

Safety and Security Interactions Modeling Using the BDMP Formalism Case Study of a Pipeline... 

In this paper, we propose to model safety and security interdependencies for an industrial case study using the Boolean logic Driven Markov Processes (BDMP) formalism. The approach used in this paper was first introduced in [12] where it was illustrated on a pedagogical use case. In this paper we apply it on a realistic industrial case study taking into account the system architecture. We discuss in Section 2 the convergence of security and safety issues in industrial control systems and their possible interdependencies. We give in Section 3 an overview of the BDMP formalism and the associated KB3 platform. We explain in Section 4 the benefits of BDMP on a simple example where safety and security are in contradiction. We provide in Section 5 the description of a pipeline case study architecture, the associated BDMP model and give qualitative and quantitative results obtained from it. Section 6 concludes the paper and introduces future work. 

Establish procedures for handling, loading, and securing oxygen canisters in accordance with Federal Motor Carrier Safety Regulations (FMCSRs) and Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration regulations. 

The Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration s Hazardous Materials Regulations (49 CFR 171-180) contain specific requirements for the safe transportation of hazardous materials. The topic of security is specifically addressed in these regulations in Part 172, Subpart H (training) and Subpart I (security plans). Comphance with these regulations will improve the security of hazardous materials transportation. 

The analysis of all the aforementioned events shows that reactor safety is secured in all situations, including the instantaneous guillotine rupture of one DN 600 pipeline (sodium boiling and fuel melting do not occur). 

Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration Federal Railroad Administration, Hazardous Materials Enhancing Rail Transportation Safety and Security for Hazardous Materials Shipments, 73 Fed. Reg. 20,752 (2008) Christopher Conkey, V.S. Sets Hazardous Material Rules, WSJ, June ij, 2008, at A15 (quoting Brent Black-welder, Friends of the Earth). 

I The other whistleblower protection statutes administered by OSHA protect employees who report violations of various airline, commercial motor carrier, consumer product, environmental, financial reform, food safety, health care reform nuclear, pipeline, pubhc transportation agency, railroad, maritime and securities laws. 

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