Pinworms

Pinol [2437-97-0] Pino Silvestre Pinozan Pinrou Pinsomte Pinto furnace Pinworm Pioloform F Pioneer... 

The pomegranate alkaloids, pelletierine (46) and pseudopelletierine (48) as well as minor accompanying bases, have a long history as salts of tannic acid as an anthelmintic mixture for intestinal pinworms (see Antiparasitic AGENTS, ANTHELMINTICS). The alkaloids themselves (as the taimates) are obtained from pomegranate tree (Punkagranatum L.) root bark and are among the few bases named after an individual (P. J. Pelletier) rather than a plant. 

Piperazine Salts. Pipera2ine citrate is highly effective against bothM. lumbricoides (large roundworm) and E. vermicularis (pinworm). A large number of substituted pipera2ine derivatives exhibit anthelmintic activity however, only diethylcarbama2ine (9) is used clinically (26). 

Pipera2ine is taken orally by nonfasting subjects. Eor large roundworms, one dose a day on two consecutive days reportedly cures approximately 90% of cases treated (27). This dmg can be used for pinworms with a 7-d course of treatment. 

Pyrantel Pamoate. This dmg (10), C24H2qN20 S, cures pinworm infections and is close to 100% effective against A.scaris when given in a single dose (28,29). Pyrantel pamoate is also a principal dmg for the treatment of hookworm infections thus it is useful in patients with mixed worm infections. 

The corn-ear worm and the pinworm are probably the most prevalent of the worm pests which attack tomatoes. Their various parts may be found in a finished product to indicate the use of raw material infested by them. 

Pinworm is a helminHi infection that is universally common most oHier helminth infections are predomi-lianHy found in countries or areas of the world that lack proper sanitary facilities. Malaria is rare in the United States, but it is sometimes seen in individuals who have traveled to or lived in areas where this disease is a healtii problem. The first antimalarial drug, quinine, is derived from the bark of the cinchona tree. Amebiasis is seen Hiroughout the world, but it is less common in developed countries where sanitary facilities prevent Hie spread of the causative organism. 

Anthelmintic (against helmintiis) drugs are used to treat helminHiiasis. Roundworms, pinworms, whipworms,... 

The activity of pyrantel (Antimintii) is probably due to its ability to paralyze die helminth. Fbralysis causes die helminth to release its grip on die intestinal wall it is then excreted in die feces, pyrantel is used to treat round-worm and pinworm. Some patients receiving pyrantel may experience gastrointestinal side effects, such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, or diarrhea... 

When a pinworm infection is suspected, the nurse takes a specimen from the anal area, preferably early in the morning before the patient gets out of bed. Specimens are taken by swabbing the perianal area with a cellophane tape swab. 

Enterobiasis, or pinworm infection, is caused by Enterobius vermicularis. It is the most widely distributed helminthic infection in the world. There are approximately 42 million cases in the United States, primarily affecting children. The most common manifestation of the infection is cutaneous irritation... 

A number of amidines have anthelmintic activity. Bunamidine (25), indicated for treatment of human pinworm infestations, is prepared from a-naphthylhexyl-ether (23) by Friedel-Crafts type reaction with cyanogen bromide and aluminum chloride to give nitrile (24). This, then, is reacted with the magnesium bromide salt of di-n-propylamine leading to the naph-thamidine structure (25). -... 

A knowledge of parasite life cycles is crucial in the understanding of the ways infection is acquired and spread, the pathogenesis of disease, and the ways in which disease might be controlled. Some parasites which infect only humans, such as Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm), have a narrow host specificity, whereas others such as Trichinella spiralis infect numerous species. When other animals harbor the same parasite stage as humans, these animal species may serve as reservoir hosts. Humans infected with a parasite stage usually seen in other animal species are referred to as accidental hosts. 

Tomato Keiferia lycopersicella (tomato pinworm moth) E4-13 OAc Mexico 3,200 10,000... 

Roundworms (nematodes) pinworm (Enterobius vermicularis) whipworm (Trichuris trichiura) Ascaris lumbricoides Trichinella spiralis Strongyloides stercoralis Hookworm (Necatoramericanus, and Ancylostoma duodenale) mebendazole or pyrantel pamoate mebendazole mebendazole or pyrantel pamoate mebendazole and thiabendazole thiabendazole mebendazole or pyrantel pamoate mebendazole or pyrantel pamoate... 

Pyrantel pamoate is active against several roundworms A lumbricoides, Ancylostoma duodenale, Necator americanus, and E. vermicularis. Pyrantel is an alternative drug of choice in treating infections with A lumbricoides, E. vermicularis (pinworms), and hookworms N. americanus and A. duodenale). It is not recommended for pregnant patients or for children under age 1 year. 

For pinworms, all household contacts of patient should be treated... 

OTC Antiminth, Pin-Rid, Pin-X, Reese s Pinworm Cfiemical Class Pyrimidine derivative... 

Enterobiasis vermicuiaris (pinworm) PO 11 mg base/kg once. Repeat in 2 wk. Maximum 1 g/day. 

Contraindications Prophylactictreatment of pinworm infestation, hypersensitivity to thiabendazole or its components... 

Ancylostoma (hookworm—intestinal ulcerations, lung lesions) Enterobius (pinworm—perianal itching)... 

Albendazole (9.117), a benzimidazole carbamate, is a broad-spectrum oral antihelminthic used for cysticercosis, ascariasis, pinworm infestation, and hookworm infestation. It is thought to work by blocking microtubule synthesis in the nematode, subsequently impairing glucose uptake. 

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