Pineapple Ananas comosus

Pineapple, one of the most popular tropical fruits in the world, has been cultivated in South America since the fifteenth century [61]. It has been very popular throughout the world for many years [16]. Native to Central America and South America, pineapples grow in several tropical countries, such as Hawaii, India, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Thailand [12]. Owing to its attractive sweet flavour, pineapple is widely consumed as fresh fruit, processed juice, canned fruit, and as an ingredient in exotic foods. The volatile constituents of pineapple have been studied for over 60 years by many researchers. More than 280 compounds have been found among volatiles of pineapples so far [60]. 

The earliest investigations concerning pineapple volatiles date from 1945 [23, 24]. The great majority of pineapple components are contributed by ethyl and 

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Smith, B.G. and Harris, P.J. 1995. Polysaccharide composition of unlignified cell walls of pineapple [Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.] fruit. Plant Physiol. 107 1399-1409. 

Bromelain The purified proteolytic substance derived from the pineapples Ananas comosus and Ananas bracteatus L. (Fam. Bromeliaceae). Produced as a white to light tan, amorphous powder soluble in water (the solution is usually colorless to light yellow and somewhat opalescent), but practically insoluble in alcohol, in chloroform, and in ether. Major active principle bromelain. Typical applications used in the chillproofing of beer, in the tenderizing of meat, in the preparation of precooked cereals, in the production of protein hydrolysates, and in baking. 

Bromelain protease pineapples Ananas comosus Ananas bracteatus (L) none 3.4.22.32 3.4.22.33... 

Volatile Constituents of Pineapple Ananas Comosus [L.] Merr.)... 

The volatiles of fresh pineapple (Ananas comosus [L] Merr.) crown, pulp and intact fmit were studied by capillary gas chromatography and capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The fnjit was sampled using dynamic headspace sampling and vacuum steam distillation-extraction. Analyses showed that the crown contains Cg aldehydes and alcohols while the pulp and intact fruit are characterized by a diverse assortment of esters, h rocarbons, alcohols and carbonyl compounds. Odor unit values, calculated from odor threshold and concentration data, indicate that the following compounds are important contributors to fresh pineapple aroma 2,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxy-3(2H)-furanone, methyl 2-methybutanoate, ethyl 2-methylbutanoate, ethyl acetate, ethyl hexanoate, ethyl butanoate, ethyl 2-methylpropanoate, methyl hexanoate and methyl butanoate. 

PROP From pineapples Ananas comosus and Ananas bracteatus L. White to tan amorphous powder. Sol in water insol in ale, chloroform, ether. 

C. Preston, E. Richhng, S. Elss, M. Appel, F. Heckel, A. Hartheb, P. Schreier (2003) On-line gas chromatography combustion/pyrolysis isotope ratio mass spectrometry (HRGC-C/P-IRMS) of pineapple Ananas comosus L. Merr.) volatiles. J. Agric. Food Chem. 51, 8027-8031... 

Bromelain is the collective name for closely related proteolytic enzymes found in tissues of the plant family Bromeliaceae, of which pineapple, Ananas comosus, is the best known. Two distinct types of pineapple bromelain are recognized stem bromelain (EC 3.4.22.32), the major proteolytic cysteinyl protease in pineapple stem, and fruit bromelain (EC 3.4.22.33), formerly called bromelin, which is the major proteolytic component in pineapple fruit [1]. Stem bromelain has been known under a variety of synonyms, namely, pineapple stem bromelain, EC 3.4.4.24 (formerly), EC 3.4.22.5 (formerly), included in EC 3.4.22.4 (formerly), ananase, bromelase, pinase, extranase, traumanase, pineapple enzyme, and juice bromelain. 

S. J. Taussig and S. Batkin. Bromelain, the enzyme complex of pineapple (Ananas comosus) and its clinical application. An update. J. Ethnopharmacol. 22 191 (1988). 

Mantilla, N., Castell-Perez, M.E., Gomes, C., and Moreira, R.G. 2013. Multilayered antimicrobial edible coating and its effect on quality and shelf life of fresh-cut pineapple Ananas comosus). LWT—Food Sci. Technol. 51 37-43. 

Definition Mixt. of enzymes found in pineapple Ananas comosus) fruit and stems Properties Wh. to tan amorphous powd. sol. in water insol. in alcohol, ether, chloroform Toxicology LD50 (IP, rat) 85 mg/kg, (IV, mouse) 30 mg/kg poison by IP and IV routes TSCA listed... 

Bhaduii SK, Sen SK, Dasgupta PC (1983) Structural studies of an acidic polysaccharide isolated from the leaf fibre of pineapple (Ananas comosus MERR). Carbohydr Res 121 211-220 Bhattacharya TB, Biswas AK, Chatterjee J, Pramnick D (1986) Short pineapple leaf fibre reinforced rubber composites. Plast Rubb Process Appl 6 119-125 Bismarck A, Mishra S, Lampke T (2005) Plant fibers as reinforcement for green composites. In Mohanty AK, Misra M, Drzal LT (eds) Natural fibers, biopolymers and biocomposites. Taylor Francis, EL, Boca Raton... 

Pineapple (Ananas comosus), which is native to Brazil, is a tropical plant with leaves rich in cellulose. Being relatively inexpensive and abundantly available, pineapple fiber may be considered for polymer composite reinforcement. Today, pineapple leaves are a by-product of pineapple cultivation [3]. Devi et al. [43] investigated the dynamic mechanical behavior of pineapple leaf fiber-reinforced polyester composites. Threepopnatkul et al. [44] studied the effects of fiber surface treatments on the performance of pineapple leaf fiber-carbonate composite. 

Wen L, Wrolstad RE, Hsu VL. Characterization of sinapyl derivatives in pineapple Ananas comosus L. Merill) juice. J Agric Food Chem 1999 47 850-853. 

Neales (1973 b), using pineapple (Ananas comosus) demonstrated a correlation between the ratio of dark to light CO2 fixation and night temperature. As night temperature increased (day at 27.5° C) from 15° to 35° C, there was less night-time CO2 fixation relative to day-time fixation (see Chap. 5.1.3). 

Pineapple (Ananas comosus) Ethanollc extract of pineapple leaves Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemio activities Xie et al. 2005... 

Sakai W S, Sanford W G 1980 Ultrastructure of the water-absorbing trichomes of pineapple Ananas comosus, Bromeliaceae). Ann Bot 46 7-11... 

Pineapple Ananas comosus Bromeliaceae Fresh, compote, jam, juice... 

Additionally, aroma components of some foods are six-membered heterocycles containing an oxygen atom and sulfur in the molecule. An example of such a compound is (2J ,4S)-2-methyl-4-propyl-l,3-oxathiane (8-168), also known as ds-tropathiane, which occurs in the yellow passion fruit Passiflora edulis, f. flavicarpa, Passifloraceae), pineapple Ananas comosus, Bromeliaceae), whisky and white wines. 

Pineapple Ananas comosus, Bromeliaceae) aroma consists of about 200 alcohols, esters, lactones, aldehydes, ketones, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes and other volatiles. About 80% of the total volatile substances are esters. The main components in the green fruit are ethyl acetate, ethyl 3-(methylthio)propionate (8-189) with a distinctive pineapple aroma and ethyl 3-(acetoxy)hexanoate (8-190). The ripe fruit contains, as the main esters, ethyl acetate, (2J ,3i )-butane-2,3-diol diacetate (8-191) and ketone 3-hydroxy-butan-2-one. An important compound for the typical character of pineapple aroma, as in strawberry aroma, is 2,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxy-2//-furan-3-one (furaneol), present as a glycoside, and 2,5-dimethyl-4-methoxy-2H-furan-3-one. 

Chemical weed control was better with the pineapple-ananas-comosus cultivar curola crop than was the plastic mulch associated with either hoe weeding or weedicide between the rows. ... 

Di Cagno, R., Cardinali, G., Minervini, G., etal. (2010) Taxonomic stmcture of the yeasts and lactic add bacteria microbiota of pineapple (Ananas comosus L. Meir.) and use of autochthonous starters for minimally processing. Food Microbiol 27, 381-389. 

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