Aromatic hydrocarbons in petroleum

AH Unibon A process for hydrogenating aromatic hydrocarbons in petroleum fractions to form aliphatic hydrocarbons. Developed by UOP. 

Unisar [Union saturation of aromatics] A process for hydrogenating aromatic hydrocarbons in petroleum fractions, using a noble metal heterogeneous catalyst. Developed by the Union Oil Company of California. The first commercial unit opened in Beaumont, TX, in 1969 eight commercial plants were in operation in 1991. 

Rothermich, M. M., Hayes, L. A. Lovley, D. R. (2002). Anaerobic, sulfate-dependent degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in petroleum-contaminated harbor sediment. Environmental Science and Technology, 36, 4811-17. 

Gieg L. M. and Suflita J. M. (2002) Detection of anaerobic metabolites of saturated and aromatic hydrocarbons in petroleum-contaminated aquifers. Environ. Sci Technol 36(17), 3755-3762. 

Table VI. Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Petroleum Materials °...

Rodgers, R. P., Lazar, A. C., Reilly, P. T. A., Whitten, W. B., and Ramsey, J. M., Direct determination of soil surface-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in petroleum-contaminated soils by real-time aerosol mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem., 72, 5040-5046, 2000. 

A.J. Packham and P.R. Fielden, Column Switching for the High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic Analysis of Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Petroleum Products, J. Chromatogr., 552(1991)575. 

Burdett, R.A., L.W. Taylor and L.C. Jones Jr (1955), Determination of aromatic hydrocarbons in lubricating oil fractions by far UV absorption spectroscopy , p. 30. In Molecular Spectroscopy Report Conf. Institute of Petroleum, London. 

Reforming (Section 2 16) Step in oil refining in which the pro portion of aromatic and branched chain hydrocarbons in petroleum is increased so as to improve the octane rating of gasoline... 

Herbes SE, LR Schwall (1978) Microbial transformation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in pristine and petroleum-contaminated sediments. Appl Environ Microbiol 35 306-316. 

May, W.E. (1980) The solubility behaviour of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in aqueous systems. Petroleum Mar. Environ. Adv. Chem. Ser. 185, Chapter 7, Am. Chem. Soc., Washington DC. 

Arosolvan A solvent extrachon process for removing aromatic hydrocarbons from petroleum mixtures, using N-methyl pynolidone (NMP) containing 12 to 14 percent water at 20 to 40°C. Developed by Luigi, and first used commercially in Japan in 1961. 

Carom [Carbide aromatics extraction] A two-stage process for removing aromatic hydrocarbons from petroleum refining streams. In the first stage, the aromatics are removed by... 

Sulfolane A process for removing aromatic hydrocarbons from petroleum fractions by liquid-liquid extraction using sulfolane (tetramethylene sulfone tetrahydrothiophene-1,1-dioxide) at approximately 190°C. Developed by Shell Development Company in 1959 and first commercialized in 1962 now licensed through UOP. It replaced the Udex process. Sulfolane is used for another purpose in the Sulfinol process. 

Fig. 5a-c. A typical distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in a atmospheric fallout sample, Alexandria City - Egypt b bottom incineration ash leachate of municipal solid waste - USA c hydrothermal petroleum, Escanaba Trough, NE Pacific Ocean. PAH Compound identifications N = naphthalene, MN = methylnaphthalene, DMN = dimethylnaphthalenes, P = phenanthrene, MP = methylphenanthrene, Fl = fluoranthene, Py = pyrene, BaAN = benzol anthracene, DH-Py = dihydropyrene, 2,3-BF = 2,3-benzofluorene, BFL = benzo[fc,/c]fluoranthene, BeP = benzo[e]pyrene, BaP = benzo[a]pyrene, Per = perylene, Cx-228 = methyl-228 series, Indeno = indeno[ l,2,3-c,d]pyrene, DBAN = dibenz[a,/z]anthracene, BPer = benzo[g,/z,z] perylene, AAN = anthanthrene, DBTH = dibenzothiophene, Cor = coronene, DBP = dibenzo [a,e]pyrene, DBPer = dibenzo [g,h,i] perylene... 

Richardson, B.J. Zheng, G.J. Tse, E.S.C. De Luca-Abbott, S.B. Siu, S.Y.M, Lam, P.K.S. 2003, A comparison of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and petroleum hydrocarbon uptake by mussels (Pema viridis) and semi-permeable membrane devices (SPMDs) in Hong Kong Coastal Waters. Environ. Pollut. 122 223-227. 

Pancirov, R.J. and Brown, R.A. Analytical methods for pol3muclear aromatic hydrocarbons in crude oils, heating oils and marine tissues, in Proceedings of Joint Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil Pollution, American Petroleum Institute, pp. 103-115, 1975. 

Kawka OE, Simoneit BRT, Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in hydrothermal petroleums from the Guaymas Basin spreading center, in Simoneit BRT (ed.). 

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