Physicochemical properties and

To get to know various databases covering the topics of bibliographic data, physicochemical properties, and spectroscopic, crystallographic, biological, structural, reaction, and patent data... 

In this section, only salient features of the synthesis, physicochemical properties, and reactivity of major derivatives of 2-aminothiazole and 2-imino-4-thiazoline are summarized. Further details on each compound are found in associated references collected in Section VII. The synthetic methods reported in this section exclude heterocydization methods treated in Chapter II but given in specific references found in Section VII. 

Various monomers have been studied for their physicochemical properties and electronic structures (320, 321). For example, a series of monomers can be synthesized following Mulvaney et al. (310) and then theoretical diagrams and degradation sites are studied (Table 111-61) (134). 

In subsequent studies attempting to find a correlation of physicochemical properties and antimicrobial activity, other parameters have been employed, such as Hammett O values, electronic distribution calculated by molecular orbital methods, spectral characteristics, and hydrophobicity constants. No new insight on the role of physiochemical properties of the sulfonamides has resulted. Acid dissociation appears to play a predominant role, since it affects aqueous solubiUty, partition coefficient and transport across membranes, protein binding, tubular secretion, and reabsorption in the kidneys. An exhaustive discussion of these studies has been provided (10). 

Dietary fiber is a mixture of simple and complex polysaccharides and lignin. In intact plant tissue these components are organized into a complex matrix, which is not completely understood. The physical and chemical interactions that sustain this matrix affect its physicochemical properties and probably its physiological effects. Several of the polysaccharides classified as soluble fiber are soluble only after they have been extracted under fairly rigorous conditions. 

Chemistry, physicochemical properties, and biological activities of N -oxygenated adenines 99H(51)1971. 

While chemists differed on the relative importance of prediction and accommodation, it seems fair to approximate the consensus as follows. The reasons for accepting the periodic law are, in order of importance, [1] it accurately describes the correlation between physicochemical properties and atomic weights of nearly all known elements ... 

Because of the influence of the ligand, physicochemical properties and environmental fate modelling derived from them are often uncertain for the organotins. 

Qv, X. Y., Zeng, Z. P. Jiang, J. G. (2011). Preparation of lutein microencapsulation by complex coacervation method and its physicochemical properties and stability. Food Hydrocolloids, Vol. 25, 6, (August 2011), pp. (1596-1603), ISSN 0268-005X... 

Taken globally, the results show a remarkable adaptability of acetylcholine which can be justified considering both its intrinsic flexibility, and the fact that its intramolecular interactions are not very strong and that almost all media can compete with them. Such adaptability finds a noteworthy implication in significant pairwise correlations between physicochemical properties and geometrical descriptors as well as among physicochemical properties. Thus, Fig. 1.6 shows the revealing 3D... 

The distribution of a drug in the body is largely driven by its physicochemical properties and in part for some compounds by the contribution of transporter proteins [17]. By using the Oie-Tozer equation and estimates for ionization (pfCj). plasma protein binding (PPB) and lipophilicity (log quite robust predictions for the volume of distribution at steady state (Vdss), often within 2-fold of the observed value, can be made [18]. 

Serra Bonvehi, J., Gomez-Pajuelo, A., and Gonell-Galindo, F. (1987). Composition, physicochemical properties and pollen spectrum of various single-flower honeys from Spain. 

Protein-Based Surfactants Synthesis, Physicochemical Properties, and Applications, edited by Ifendu A. Nnanna and JidingXia... 

Physicochemical properties and stability of minerals decide many vital processes relevant to their treatment. The solubility of minerals in various media and oxidation-reduction reactions involving minerals and various reagents are all very significant in the technology of mineral raw material processing. 

The oxidative polymerization of 5,6-dihydroxyindole (1) and related tyrosine-derived metabolites is a central, most elusive process in the biosynthesis of eumelanins, which are the characteristic pigments responsible for the dark color of human skin, hair, and eyes. Despite the intense experimental research for more than a century,36 the eumelanin structure remains uncharacterized because of the lack of defined physicochemical properties and the low solubility, which often prevents successful investigations by modem spectroscopic techniques. The starting step of the oxidative process is a one-electron oxidation of 5,6-dihydroxyindole generating the semiquinone 1-SQ (Scheme 2.7). 

CDK2 is involved with controlling normal cell proliferation. Disregulation in cancer makes this a good antitumor target. Pevarello et al. [62] describe the parallel optimization of enzyme inhibition potency, cellular activity, physicochemical properties, and PK. A low MW hit (MW = 201) was specifically selected with the... 

In the discovery phase, a reaction route is developed to allow synthesis of a maximum number of analogues for pharmacological testing. Since the focus is on synthetic flexibility, issues of scale are not central. Once a lead compound exhibits a useful pharmacological activity and is identified as a candidate for further development, larger scale synthesis is required to evaluate stability, bioavailability, toxicity, physicochemical properties, and other compound properties. The Chemical Development Department is usually involved in the preparation of supplies for these activities. 

M Jumaa, BW Muller. The effect of oil components and homogenization conditions on the physicochemical properties and stability of parenteral fat emulsions. Int J Pharm 163(1—2) 81—89, 1998. 

Table 11 Physicochemical Properties and Composition of Human Lipoproteins... 

Tsai, R.-S. El Tayar N. Carrupt, R-A. Testa, B., Physicochemical properties and transport behavior of piribedil Considerations on its membrane-crossing potential, Int. J. Pharm. 80, 39 49 (1992). 

In order to run these models, it is necessary to have input data, mainly physicochemical properties and toxicological data (for both human and ecosystems), which can be extracted from different information sources. The source selection is essential to obtain data of high quality. In some cases (e.g., emerging pollutants) there is a lack of physicochemical and toxicological data which makes it necessary to use tools such as QSARs. 

Sugawara, M., Takekuma, Y., Yamada, H., Kobayashi, M., Iseki, K., Miyazaki, K., A general approach for the prediction of the intestinal absorption of drugs regression analysis using the physicochemical properties and drug-membrane electrostatic interaction, J. Pharm. Sci. 1998, 87, 960-966. 

Fagerholm, U., Lindahl, A., Lennernas, H., Regional intestinal permeability in rats of compounds with different physicochemical properties and transport mechanisms, /. Pharm. Pharmacol. 1997, 49, 687-690. 

---