Physical visual tests

Table 12.1 Faults in Adhesive-Bonded Joints Revealed by Physical Visual Tests ...

Equal suspension of particles referenced to visual appearances and physical sample testing. Empirical correlations generalized to apply to most problems. 

Physical-property tests are used to measure the properties of adhesives in the liquid or gelled states prior to curing and in the solid state after curing. Tests for the uncured state such as viscosity, visual examination, and surface energy or contact angle assure that fillers, if used, have not settled out, that the material has not exceeded its pot life or shelf life, and that the supplier has not changed the formulation. Visual examination and density after cure are performed to verify that voids are not present or, if present, meet specification requirements. Finally, light transmission and index of refraction measurements are important for adhesives used in optoelectronic applications. 

Recognition and Characterization of Licruid Crystalline Solutions, The same visual and physical characterization tests as used for aromatic polyamides (11) apply to recognition of liquid crystallinity in the polyhydrazide solutions. The solutions appear somewhat turbid, often exhibit an opalescent effect upon being stirred, depolarize plane-polarized light, are oriented by a strong magnetic field, and show a sharp decrease in bulk solution viscosity above the critical concentration point. 

Workers regularly handling methanol should receive a physical examination every 6 months, including visual test, neurological evaluation, and tests of liver and kidney functions. The alarm concentration of methanol in urine has been reported to be 10 pg/ml [72]. Individuals with disease of the eyes, liver, kidneys, and lungs should avoid methanol handling and exposure. 

Although visual and microscopical examination, together with simple manual tests, are stiU the primary methods of identification, there are many new sophisticated instmmental methods available based on chemical and physical properties. These methods are able to distinguish between closely related fibers which differ only in chemical composition or morphology. 

The performance of organic finishes on test is evaluated by visual observation and by physical tests made upon coated specimens that have been exposed for various periods of time to natural or accelerated weathering conditions. Electrical tests are sometimes used on immersed specimens. 

In the microscopic analysis of CHF, researchers have applied classical analysis of the thermal hydraulic models to the CHF condition. These models are perceived on the basis of physical measurements and visual observations of simulated tests. The physical properties of coolant used in the analysis are also deduced from the operating parameters of the test. Thus the insight into CHF mechanisms revealed in microscopic analysis can be used later to explain the gross effects of the operating parameters on the CHF. 

Comparing the potentials across each row, we can test the idea of additivity of ortAo-substituent effects for 2-fluoro, 6-chloro, and then 2-fluoro-6-chloro substitution. The definition of a = 0 changes across each row to permit easy visual addition of the potentials in the physically appropriate manner to assess the degree of additivity of ort/io-chlorine and ort/io-fluorine substituent effects. For o-fluorotoluene and 2-fluoro-6-chlorotoluene, a = 0 denotes the (minimum-energy) pseudo-trans conformation for o-chlorotoluene, a=0 denotes the pseudo-cis conformation. The notion of additivity has considerable merit in all three electronic states. 

When performing dissolution testing, there are many ways that the test may generate erroneous results. The testing equipment and its environment, handling of the sample, formulation, in situ reactions, automation and analytical techniques can all be the cause of errors and variability. The physical dissolution of the dosage form should be unencumbered at all times. Certain aspects of the equipment calibration process may show these errors as well as close visual observation of the test. The essentials of the test are accuracy of results and robustness of the method. Aberrant and unexpected results do occur, however, and the analyst should be well trained to examine all aspects of the dissolution test and observe the equipment in operation. 

Paper and pencil tests were fine for measuring cognitive ability and required little physical coordination, other than the ability to read and to manipulate a pencil. We provided ordinary reading glasses to offset the loss of near vision resulting from BZ s anticholinergic effects on the muscles of visual accommodation. Later Dr. Dave Harper (one of our draftee doctors) developed an eye-drop sequence that obviated the need for glasses. 

Leeds Northrup, FA No Q3440, S/N, 1026920. After completion of the solar test, lower the temp of the chamber to RT (ca 72° F) and inspect the sample visually for any possible physical damage. 

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