Pencil Test

Another mechanical durability test is the pencil hardness test. According to this method a pencil with quantified hardness is dragged on the surface 

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To help with the constant monitoring, workers placed a video camera high in the opposite comer of the room, providing visual coverage of blind-spots. In addition, a hinged panel below the mirror became a small desk, ideal for administering paper and pencil tests or passing food and fluids to the volunteers. 

Paper and pencil tests were fine for measuring cognitive ability and required little physical coordination, other than the ability to read and to manipulate a pencil. We provided ordinary reading glasses to offset the loss of near vision resulting from BZ s anticholinergic effects on the muscles of visual accommodation. Later Dr. Dave Harper (one of our draftee doctors) developed an eye-drop sequence that obviated the need for glasses. 

The Pencil Test. Before performing the pencil test, completely clean the entire apparatus in question. Remove all traces of any oil or grease (if the grease is hydrocarbon-based, you can heat the glass item in an oven to approximately 400°C to bum off any remaining grease). Next, take a standard no. 2 pencil and scribble a line all over the inside surface of the outer piece and the outside surface of the inner piece, as shown at the left of Fig. 3.36. Then, wet the joint (or stopcock) members with water (for lubrication) and rotate back and forth five to ten times (do not bear down, let the water be a lubricant). If the ground sections of both faces of the joint (or stopcock) are perfectly flat, the pencil will have been... 

Fig. 3.36 Sample of using the pencil test to examine the quality of a joint.

Whiten Well, that would appear to be consistent with social modularity. But what kind of tests have been used I worry whether paper and pencil tests will get at the real social intelligence at stake. 

The most common measure of problem-solving ability on story problems is a paper-and-pencil test in which several problems are presented to students and they are expected to compute correct numerical answers. It stands to reason that any new measure of the same ability should bear a strong relationship to the problemsolving test. 

Students in Experiment I also responded to a paper-and-pencil test at the conclusion of the study, and their performance can similarly be compared to the schema measures. Unfortunately, some student responses to the later exercises - from which the planning variables are derived - were irretrievably lost due to computer malfunction. As a consequence, these data are not as complete as those for Experiment II. Nevertheless, we still find a significant relationship between schema measures and posttest performance, with a best model of... 

The model yields a multiple correlation of. 55 (adjusted R2 =. 29, F(2,19) = 11.25, p <. 05). Thus, the schema measures bear a significant linear relationship with this outcome measure as well as with the paper-and-pencil tests. 

Analyses for items of the paper-and-pencil test of Experiment I yielded similar results. On five items for which full data were available, the adjusted R2 values were. 81,. 50,. 40,. 39, and. 18, indicating that performance on the individual items could be predicted from the schema measures for the appropriate situations. As before, these results must be evaluated with caution because of the small number of subjects. 

For wider application of schema assessment it is necessary to extend the concepts of validity and reliability. At present, we lack the alternative tests for measuring schema acquisition that could supply validity estimates. At this point, validation comes from the comparisons of schema measures to interview responses given by the students at the end of each instructional session and to paper-and-pencil tests. Reliability also needs further study. We assume that use of schema knowledge is a reliable gauge of the individual s network. However, the individual may access elements of a schema on one occasion but fail to do so on another. We need to examine what is meant by reliability in schema access and to develop ways to estimate it. 

D 3363-05 Standard Test Method for Film Hardness by Pencil Test... 

Geng and He [52], apart from the pencil test described in Section 9.2.4 used additionally a sand impact setup to test their coatings. In the sand abrasion test, 40 g sand grains with diameters of 100-300 pm were used to impact the coating surface from a height of 30 cm in 1 min. Subsequently, the coating was cleaned with water. The water and ethylene glycol APCAs before and after sand abrasion test showed approximately the same values. 

ISO 15184. (1998). Methods of test for paints. Determination of film hardness by pencil test. International Standards Organization. 

Type. What type of assessment will be used Many instructors are willing to consider an ever-widening array of question types, delivery systems, and scoring methods. Will the student be asked to complete a traditional paper-and-pencil test Will only single -answer multiple-choice questions be used, or will multiple-answer questions be possible What about alternatively designed questions, such as grid or linked questions Will open-ended essay questions be used Will the questions asked by algorithmic in nature or more conceptual Table VI compares these last two question types. 

The standard is the ASTM standard D3363-00, Standard Test Method for Film Hardness by Pencil Test. Pencils from different manufacturers, or even pencils of different lots from the same manufacturer, will not necessarily have exactly equal hardness of... 

Intelligence and mechanical aptitude. Included were paper and pencil tests with emphasis on reasoning and space perception. 

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