Physical properties of aqueous

Table 2. Physical Properties of Aqueous Hydrogen Peroxide...

Jones, W.J. and Speakman, J.B. Some physical properties of aqueous solutions of certain pyridine bases, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 43 1867-1870, 1921. 

The physical properties of aqueous solutions are strongly influenced by the concentrations of solutes. When two aqueous compartments are separated by a semipermeable membrane (such as the plasma membrane separating a cell from its surroundings), water moves across that membrane to equalize the osmolarity in the two compartments. This tendency for water to move across a semipermeable membrane is the osmotic pressure. 

Figure 2.2 Physical properties of aqueous surfactant solution as a function of surfactant concentration.

References to work on the physical properties of aqueous solutions of lithium chloride are appended.2... 

Some important physical properties of aqueous solutions of hydrogen peroxide are presented in Tab. 6-3. The toxicological properties and occupational health risks related to H2O2 are briefly summarized below (Ulhnann s, 1989) ... 

Fitch-Roe approach. (At lower than critical emulsifier concentrations, micelles are not generated. With increasing amount of emulsifier, the physical properties of aqueous medium discontinuously change in the vicinity of its critical concentration. The critical emulsifier concentration is an important material constant.) Roe [140] proved that the two theories can be described by very similar quantitative relations. This latter theory stress the importance of dissolution equilibria for the equilibrium monomer concentration in the aqueous phase. 

Table 30 Physical properties of aqueous nitric acid as a function of composition...

Table II Physical properties of aqueous fructose solutions at 20°C.

Liu W, Wang H, Yu M, Zhang Y, Zhao T. 2006. The physical properties of aqueous solutions of the ionic hquid [BMIM][BF4]. J Solution Chem 35 1337-1346. 

The effects of the stereochemistry of the oligosaccharide head-groups on the physical properties of aqueous synthetic glycolipids, e.g., 1,3-di-O-dodecylgly-cerol P-glycosidically linked to cello- or malto-oligosaccharides at 0-2, have been studied. ... 

Synthetic water-soluble polymers are substances that dissolve, disperse or swell in water and by these processes modify the physical properties of aqueous systems in the form of gelation, thickening or emulsification, and stabilization. These polymers usually have repeating units or blocks of units contain hydrophilic groups that are substituted or are incorporated into the backbone. The hydrophilic groups may be nonlonlc, anionic, cationic, or amphoteric. 

Only a very limited range of measiuements of physical properties has been made, and for dilute and moderately concentrated aqueous solutions of commonly used polymers including carboxymethyl cellulose, polyethylene oxide, carbopol, polyacrylamide, density, specific heat, thermal conductivity, coefficient of thermal expansion and surface tension differ from the values for water by no more than 5-10% [Porter, 1971 Cho and Hartnett, 1982 Irvine, Jr. et al., 1987]. Thermal conductivity might be expected to be shear rate dependent, because both apparent viscosity and thermal conductivity are dependent on structure. Although limited measmements [Loulou et al., 1992] on carbopol solutions confirm this, the effect is small. For engineering design calculations, there will be little error in assuming that all the above physical properties of aqueous polymer solutions, except apparent viscosity, are eqnal to the values for water. 

Xu S, Otto FD, Mather AE (1991) Physical-properties of aqueous amp solutions. J Chem Eng Data 36(l) 71-75... 

This monograph, published under the auspices of the American Chemical Society, has in its Appendix a useful compilation of the physical properties of aqueous sodium chloride solutions. Included are essentially a11 of the measured equilibrium and transport properties of this system at various temperatures and pressures. The data are well referenced. 

Synthetic water soluble polymers are polymeric materials that dissolve, disperse, or swell in water, which are man-made polymers. They are also capable of modifying the physical properties of aqueous systems in the form of geUation, thickening, or emulsification/stabilization. These polymers usually have hydrophilic groups attached to their chain backbone. Commonly used synthetic water soluble polymers in various applications are poly vinyl alcohol (PVA), poly vinyl pyrroUdone (PVP), poly acrylic acid (PAA), poly acrylamide (PAm), etc. Among these polymers, PVA is widely used for making films suitable for packaging applications. 

As mentioned above, physical properties of aqueous solutions of inorganic citrates were systematically investigated only in few cases. These are aqueous solutions of neutral and acidic sodium and potassium citrates and diammonium hydrogen citrate. Mostly, the volumetric and compressibility properties are reported, and they are based on measured densities and speed velocities. In deahng with a particular physical property, all available citrates are considered together. 

The physical properties of aqueous solutions of the sterically hindered amine, 2-amino-2 methyl-1-propanol (AMP) are described by Xu et al. (1991). Additional amine physical property data are available from manufacturers and process Ucensois. The volume of such data is so large that it would be impractical to include it all in this text. 

The elicmical and physical properties of aqueous fuel solutions are important because they affect the design, construction, operation, and... 

E. Orban et al.. Physical Properties of Aqueous Uranyl Sulfate Solutions from 20° to 90°, J. Phys. Chem. 60, 413 (1956). 

M. Tobias, Certain Physical Properties of Aqueous Homogeneous Reactor Materials, USAEC Report CF-56-11-135, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Nov. 23, 1956. 

Introduction. Experiments have been carried out at the Oak Ridge National I.aboratory as part of a continuing program to determine the effect of radiation on the physical properties of aqueous suspensions of thorium oxide. Since changes in particle size, surface properties, and viscosity of the suspension might have a deleterious effect on the operability of a homogeneous-reactor slurry system, thc.se properties were examined in detail. 

Wang HP, Liu WW, Cheng LY, Zhang YM, Yu MF (2008) The physical properties of aqueous solution of room-temperature ionic liquids based on imidazolium database and evaluation. J MolLiq 140(l-3) 68-72. doi 10.1016/j.molliq.2008.01.008... 

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