Physical novel applications

Spear, K. E., Dismukes, J. P. 1994 Synthetic diamond emerging CVD science and technology. New York Wiley. This book gives a useful description of the chemistry and physics behind diamond CVD, as well as various novel applications for CVD diamond. 

A unique set of physical properties of polyorganosiloxanes, and the versatility of chemistries available in the preparation of macromolecules and their assemblies with growing complexity, result in a huge range of novel applications. However, this does not mean that the more traditional silicone materials have become less common.5... 

Newman, S.A., "Novel Applications of Phase Equilibria Methods to Process Design Problems." Paper presented at National Physical Laboratory Conference on Chemical Thermodynamic Data on Fluids and Fluid Mixtures, Teddington. Middlesex, U.K., September 11-12, 1978. Conference Proceedings published by IPC Science and Technology Press. 

ILs have proved to be as media not only for potentially green synthesis, but also for novel applications in the analysis, where the unique properties of fhese liquid materials provide new options based on different chemical and physical properties. ILs can be applied not only in the existing methods where it is always needed to improve sensitivity and selectivity of the analysis, but their different behavior and properties can offer original solutions in chemical analysis and the search for new applications of ILs is growing in every area of chemistry including analytical chemistry. 

A novel application of ionic liquids in biochemistry involved duplex DNA as the anion and polyether-decorated transition metal complexes. When the undiluted liquid DNA-or molten salt-is interrogated electrochemically by a microelectrode, the molten salts exhibit cyclic voltammograms due to the physical diffusion (D-PHYS) of the polyether-transition metal complex. These DNA molten salts constitute a new class of materials whose properties can be controlled by nucleic acid sequence and that can be interrogated in undiluted form on microelectrode arrays (Leone et al., 2001). 

Phthalocyanines - Pthalocyanine complexes form a very large class among tetrapyrrole complexes. Their chemistry, physics, and applications for novel materials are being reviewed in a multi volume series [106]. Usually they are made by reductive tetramerization of phthalodinitrile with a metal salt (see below), but metallations of free phthalocyanine, H2(Pc), are also documented. Work in the last two decades has been concentrated on phthalocyanine complexes of Ru, Os, Rh, Pd, Pt, and Ag Berezin gives references on IrCl(Pc) and AuCl(Pc) [107]. 

The potential for smart packaging for improvement of food quality and safety is very high. Although sensory evaluation is essential in the early stages of development, there is an important role for sensory evaluation simultaneously with analytical assessments of new materials in contact with food systems. New materials or novel applications of materials may deliver value in improved sensory quality or create unexpected sensory impact that may not be interpreted from analytical chemical or physical methods of assessment. 

Posadas A-B, Lippmaa M, Walker EJ, Dawber M, Ahn CH, Triscone J-M (2007) Growth and novel applications of epitaxial oxide thin films. In Rabe KM, Ahn CH, Triscone J-M (eds) Physics of ferroelectrics a modem perspective. Springer, Berlin, p 219... 

Although solution-state NMR has revealed much regarding the chemical structural composition of humic substances and dissolved organic matter (5), the development of more sophisticated software, pulse sequences, probes in recent years have not been exploited much in the field of soil science. Most of the novel applications have strictly relied on conventional one-dimensional spectroscopy. Two-dimensional NMR methods have become the mainstay of the chemical research field, especially for the structural elucidation of complex soluble biopolymers. The complexity of humic substances along with other inherent physical properties such as limited solubility and the presence of paramagnetics... 

Branches in polymers play important roles in determining their properties, such as viscosity, density, and toughness. However, excessive branching is also known to cause deterioration of physical properties due to low probability of chain entanglement. Only recently, highly branched polymers have attracted increasing attention with the expectation that their unique structures will impart unusual properties creating novel applications. 

For any judgement on possible correlations between the state of a zeolite-hosted metal phase and its physical or chemical properties in classical or novel applications detailed informations about location, dispersion, geometric and electronic structure under working condition are needed. In fact, there is a scarcity of knowledge about structure-property correlations for most of the described systems. In many cases a... 

The first years of the XXI-st century have brought new fundamental knowledge and novel applications of nanostractures. Nanoelectronics and nanophotonics, bioinformatics and molecular electronics are extensively progressing on the basis of recent achievements in nanotechnology. The results obtained are discussed at NfiNOH JlNQ-200Z (20-23 May, 2003), which is the International Conference on Physics, Chemistry and Application of Nanostructures traditionally organized each two years in Minsk (Belarus). 

Polymeric materials are being employed in an increasing number of novel applications. As stronger, more flexible and more durable materials are discovered the demand for these materials will continue to grow. The chemical and physical properties of these materials will determine the applications for which they may be employed. Thus, the rapid and reliable characterization of these properties will be crucial. 

Today SiC thin films (< 1 pm thickness) can also be produced by physical vapor deposition (PVD), for example by sputtering, which method allows lower substrate temperatures, but works more slowly. Electrically conductive B/N-doped sintered aSiC with up to 9weight-% free carbon has been developed as target material, [133]. Novel applications for PVDSiC include films for computer storage media, protective coating for lenses, and microwaveable packaging for food. 

Similarity is a fundamental notion that has been used, either implicitly or explicitly, throughout human history. While its exact beginnings are difficult to trace, the Greek philosophers most likely were responsible for early attempts to describe it in more formal terms. It was these same philosophers that also laid down some of the earliest, albeit simplistic, ideas on the nature of matter that formed the basis for the subsequent development many years hence of related theories in physics and chemistry. However, it was not until the nud-nineteenth century that theories describing the atomistic natnre of matter began to be developed in earnest. By the early part of the twentieth century many of the concepts of molecular stmcture and properties were well in hand and many novel applications of molecular similarity were developed. As computers... 

Concentrated Purge. New methods of sulfate control have been developed in response to the membrane-cell brine problem. These include a novel application of the familiar ion-exchange technique and a process based on the relatively new technique of nanofiltration. The processes use physical or chemical means to make a partial separation between chloride and sulfate the problem of disposal of the sulfate remains. By concentrating the sulfate and removing most of the chloride, they may allow safe, legal, and economic disposal of the sulfate by a simple purge. In other cases, their value lies in providing a much smaller stream to be treated for the ultimate disposal of the sulfate (e.g., by precipitation). 

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