Phthalocyanine pigments blues

The 3-color CMY set is well defined for a cyan color almost all ink manufacturers are using green shade copper phthalocyanine — Pigment Blue 15 3 or 15 4. This pigment is... 

R = -C4H9) has been reported to crystallize in four polymorphic forms (Brandt et al. 1982). In the copper phthalocyanines Pigment Blue 15, containing no Cl, is isomorphous with Pigment Blue 15 1, which on an average contains 0.5-1.0 atoms of chlorine per molecule (Hao and Iqbal 1997). Recognition of this phenomenon can be useful, for instance, in attempting to work out the crystal structures of unknown polymorphic forms. 

Synonims quaternary ammonimn compounds, bis(hydrogenated tallow alkyl)dimethyl, salts with bentonite, bentonite, montmorillonite copper phthalocyanine Pigment Blue 15 tungsten disulfide zinc oxide -i- 1,3,5-benzene tricaboxylic-(N-4-ll uorophenyl)triamine... 

Tittarelli et al. [48] have identified some 20 organic and inorganic pigments (used for coloration of polymers, polymer films and coatings) directly without dissolution by means of vapour-phase UV absorption spectrometry. The influence of a polymeric matrix on TUV profiles was not specified. Each pigment has a characteristic thermal UV profile at a particular temperature. Alpha and beta forms of copper phthalocyanine (Pigment Blues 15 and 15.4) produce different TUV profiles. The heating rate plays... 

Copper(ll) phthalocyanine Pigment Blue 15 C32H4gCuNg 147-14-8 576.069 bl-purp cry i H2O, EtOH s cone H2S04... 

Copper phthalocyanine. Pigment blue 15. Aldan blue. 

Phthalocyanine Blues. a-Copper phthalocyanine blue is a reddish species used primarily in coatings and plastics. Several varieties are marketed. The basic form, the unstable Pigment Blue 15 [147-14-8] (Cl 74160), is used in water-based paints, paints containing weak petroleum solvents, and in certain plastics, eg, PVC, that require mild processing conditions. 

Metal-free copper phthalocyanine blue, ie. Pigment Blue 16 [574-93-6] is one of the eadiest forms of phthalocyanine. Environmental concerns about copper in pigments tended to increase the use of metal-free copper phthalocyanine, but certain shortcomings (greenish hue, lack of stabiHty in aromatic solvents) allowed only specialty uses (109). The stabiH2ed a-NC-type is used in certain automotive coatings. 

Phthalocyanine pigments account for approximately 23% of the total worldwide organic pigment consumption of 225,000 tons. Approximately 20,000 t are used in printing inks, 10,000 t in paints, 9,000 t in plastics, 3,000 t in textiles, 7,000 t in dyes, and 2,000 t in specialty uses. Table 1 shows the worldwide distribution of cmde phthalocyanine capacity. The production history of phthalocyanine in the United States from 1980 to 1990 is given in Table 2 (161). The 1990 prices of phthalocyanine blue and green pigments were ca 11—22/kg and 21—27/kg, respectively. 

Pigment Blue 15 [147-14-8] 74160 copper phthalocyanine condensation of phthaUc anhydride with urea, in presence of copper ions, with or without added chlorophthahc anhy-dride subsequent conversion to alpha-phase and stabili2ation, if necessary... 

VIII,5. COPPER PHTHALOCYANINE (MONASTRAL BLUE) The pure pigment may be obtained by heating phthalonitrile (4 mols) and copper bronze (1 atom) at 209-220 ... 

Knowledge of the most important types of copper phthalocyanine pigments is useful for the understanding of the processes concepts underlying pigment manufacture. Heading the list are the a- and [i-modil i cations of unsubstituted Copper Phthalocyanine Blue (Sec. 3.1.2.3). The a-modification exhibits an unstabilized and a stabilized form as to change of crystal modification. 

Copper phthalocyanine pigments also demonstrate good overall stability to organic solvents. A number of solvents, however, especially aromatics, may cause a change of modification in unstable types or overcrystallization in stable varieties. This phenomenon is largely due to the tendency of the stable phase to nucleate. The particle size of the resulting cystals decreases as the number of nuclei rises. (3-Copper Phthalocyanine Blue is the thermodynamically stable modification. 

Phthalocyanine pigments, which show high tinctorial strength, provide an excellent ratio of strength versus price. The strongest member is a-Copper Phthalocyanine Blue, while yellowish Copper Phthalocyanine Green is the weakest representative. 

The a- and (i-types of Copper Phthalocyanine Blue reign supreme among commercially available phthalocyanine pigments. There is also an increasing amount of interest in the phase-stabilized form of the a-crystal modification. Both modifications are also supplied as flocculation resistant types. 

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