Phosphorus-containing flame compound

Kim, Y. C., (Kolon Industries, Inc.), Phosphorus-containing nitrogen compounds as flame retardants and synthetic resins containing them, U.S. Patent, 1988 4 742 088. 

Ishizu has reported on the toxicity towards mice of these compounds and their acyclic precursors (75MI1). They appear to be somewhat less toxic than other phosphorus-containing flame retardants. 

Phosphorus-containing flame retardants are suitable for polar polymers such as PVC, but for polyolefins their action is not sufficient. In this case they are used together with Sb203 and with halogenated compounds. Alkyl-substituted aryl phosphates are incorporated into plasticized PVC and modified PPO (Noryl) to a great extent for other plastics they are less important. Quaternary phosphonium compounds are recommended as flame retardants for ABS and polyolefins. 

Poly (vinyl acetate) can be flame-retarded by copolymerization with phosphorus-containing unsaturated compounds or by mixing with halogenated paraffins or with phosphates. 

Rigid polyurethane foams have been synthesized from industrial raw materials and phosphorus-containing flame retardants, obtained by the interaction of dialkyl H-phos-phonates with amino alcohols. The phosphorus-containing compounds 1 and 2 are used as modifiers [105]. During polyurethane synthesis, both modifiers speed up the times for foaming, gel formation, and surface drying, and decrease the time for foam growth. 

Phosphorus-containing flame retardants may be divided according to the oxidation state of the element into phosphates ((RO)3PO), phosphites ((RO)3P), phos-phonites ((RO)2PR ), phosphinates ((RO)R2PO), phosphine oxides (R3PO), phosphines (R3P), and phosphonium salts (Rj PX). It seems that compounds in which phosphorus has the oxidation states -3, -1, and 1 are the most efficient [6]. These flame retardants function in the solid phase as well as in the gaseous phase. 

Problems with solvent flameout, hydrocarbon quenching structure-response variations for different sulfur-phosphorus-containing compounds can be partially solved by using dual-flame burner. Figure 3.14 (177-179). The lower flame... 

The nitrogen-phosphorus detector (NPD) is, as the name implies, preferentially sensitive to nitrogen and phosphorus atoms. The detector contains a ceramic bead formed with an alkali salt, such as rubidium or cesium. The bead is heated in the presence of hydrogen, but the flow of gas is limited so that no flame is present. As the column effluent passes around the bead, nitrogen- and phosphorus-containing compounds produce electronegative moieties, which are treated as an increase in current and recorded as peaks (Carlsson et al., 2001). 

Flame Retardants. Bromine compounds make up an important segment of the market for flame retardants used in polymers. Additive flame retardants are added to polymers during processing reactive flame retardants react chemically to become part of the polymer chain itself In addition to the compounds listed in Table 3, a number of proprietary mixtures and phosphorus—bromine-containing flame retardants are also sold (see Flame retardants, HALOGENATED, FLAME RETARDANTS). 

Fire Retardants for Ceftnlosics. Phosphorus-containing materials are by far the most important class of compounds used to imparl durable flame resistance lo cellulose. Flume-retardant finishes containing phosphorus compounds usually also contain nitrogen or bromine or sometimes huth. 

Specific monitoring of nitrogen or phosphorus containing compounds may be accomplished with an alkaline-flame ionization detector on a GLC with substantially greater sensitivity than an FID. The alkaline-FID has recently been reported (64) to detect IAA-methyl esters from plant samples. 

Jentzsch, D., Zimmermann, H. G., Wehling, I. Concerning the specific gas chromatographic identification of halogen and phosphorus containing compounds in a 2-stage flame ionisation detector. Z. Anal. Chem. 221, 377 (1966). 

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