Phenolic foams foam properties

Auxiliary Materials. Glass fibers, polypropylene fibers and simUar fibers may sometimes be used as reinforcing materials for phenolic foams. Mechanical properties and heat resistance are improved by reinforcing phenolic foams with these fibers. 

Phenolic novolacs, 18 760-761 Phenolic resin adhesives, 18 783-784 Phenolic resin can coatings, 18 38 Phenolic resin composites, 18 792-794 Phenolic resin drying-oil varnishes, 18 783 Phenolic resin fibers, 18 797-798 mechanical properties of, 18 798 Phenolic resin foam, 18 795-796 Phenolic resin manufacturers, U.S., 18 774 Phenolic resin polymerization, 18 760-765 alkaline catalysts in, 18 762-765 neutral catalysts in, 18 761-762 strong-acid catalysts in, 18 760-761 Phenolic resin prepregs, 18 793 Phenolic resin production unit, 18 766 Phenolic resins, 10 409 18 754-755, 756-802 22 10 26 763 in abrasive materials, 18 786-787 in air and oil filters, 18 790 additional reactants in, 18 759 analytical methods for, 18 774-779 applications of, 18 781-798 batch processes for, 18 766 from biomass and biochemical processes, 18 769-770... 

Auad, M.L. Zhao, L.H. Shen, H.B. Flammability properties and mechanical performance of epoxy modified phenolic foams. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2007,104, 1399-1407. 

Table 2. Formulations and properties of phenol-urethane foams based on various types of phenolic polyols )...

Component content, compositkm and foam properties Type of phenolic polyol ... 

Table 6. Morphological and adsorption properties of phenolic foams D...

Colloid chemistry classifies materials having Sgp of tens or hundreds of square meters per gram as disperse systems. More important is that plastic foams exhibit properties of disperse systems. For example, the thermooxidative stability of phenolic foams was lowered by several dozen degrees as S,p was increased... 

The manufacturing conditions and the properties of resol are the most important factors in controlling the final properties f phenolic foams. For this reason all manufacturers have their own highly developed procedures regarding manufacturing conditions. 

Madders. Phenolic polymers are known to have high rigidity, and this property extends to phenolic foams, which are highly friable. In order to reduce friabUity and permit some flexibUity and toughness, various kinds of modifiers are sometimes used. Reactive modifiers are used in the course of resol-resin preparation, and they become integral parts of the polymer structure. Examples include PVA (polyvinyl alcohol), PVA-PVC (polyvinyl alcohol-polyvinyl chloride-copolymer), resorcinol, o-cresol, furfuryl alcohol, and other various types of polyols. 

Table 65 General Properties of Typical Phenolic Foams (3)... 

Thermal Properties. Themud Conductivity. As stated above, the thermal conductivities of phenolic foams vary remarkable depending on whether they are closed cell or open cell. Generally, the thermal conductivities of foams with 90% or more closed cells are within the range of 0.015 kcal/mh°C but if they have open cells, the thermal conductivities increase to 0.030 to 0.035 kcal/mh C. If the foams have 50 to 80% closed cells their thermal conductivities will be an intermediate value between the above two figures. Meantime, the thermal conductivities of foams with 50% or less closed cells will be almost the same as that of open-cell foams. 

Table 69 Typical Flammability Properties of Phenolic Foam (7)...

A research program to have benzylic ether-type resin react with polyisocyanate for producing polyurethane or urethane-modified poly-isocyanurate foam is being promoted. A foam which has intermediate properties between phenolic foam and polyurethane foam can be produced. 

Dvorchak, M.J., Fire Retardant Properties of Phenolic Foam Insulation, Proceedings of The Fire Retardant Chemical Assn., p. 17-37 (1985). 

This formulation has excellent wetting, detergent, rinsing and foaming properties. It is recommended as a medium duty cleaner for truck bodies, floor scrubs, wax strippers, etc. This product is clear from -5C to 70C. This formula would require approximately 4 times as much sodium xylene sulfonate as the amount of Monateric CEM-36 used to achieve clarity. Other nonionic ethoxy-lates, such as those based on primary alcohol or alkyl phenol may... 

The test methods mostly follow British Standards, but some are more closely related to the ISO tests. Care must be taken to ensure that the correct sample size is u.sed. The determination of water absorption by diffusion is based on the Swiss Standard SIA 279 Part 5.07 [13] (see Section 2.6 below). Similarly the properties of extruded board are specified in BS 3837, Part 2, 1990 [14]. BS 3927, 1986 [15], specifies rigid phenolic foam for thermal insulation in the form of slabs and profiled sections. The material is classified as types A. B. and C. which differ principally in thermal conductivity, water vapor permeability and apparent water absorption. Thermal conductivity is measured by methods described in BS 4370, Part 2, Method 7 [16] or Appendix B of BS 874 [17]. ... 

The friability of a rigid foam is not an easy property to determine, and it is seldom used as a quality control measurement. However, for certain materials such as phenol-formaldehyde foam it can be a useful tool in formulation work to ensure that the product is suitable for the application area. In certain instances the test method is best adapted to the foam being tested, for example the time duration of the test may be shortened if the material is being abraded too harshly. 

Table 7.20 Properties of Cell structural phenolic foam ...

A typical phenolic foam system consists of liquid phenolic resin, blowing agent, catalyst, surface-active agent, and modifiers. Various formulations and composite systems (60-62) can be used to improve one or more properties of the foam in specific applications, such as insulation properties (58,63-66), flammability (67-69), and open cell (70-73) quality. 

Phenolic foams are thermoset, partially open cell foams with good dimensional stability and heat resistance . Like polyurethanes they are foamable in situ, at densities from 16-320 kg/m. Phenolic foam properties are relatively unaffected by heat and moisture, although this is dependent upon the density. Chemical and solvent resistance is very good. Phenolic foams have been used as insulants and also in packaging applications. 

Features High alkalinity contains no phenols, chlorinated soivs., or other EPA hazardous materials low foaming Properties Amber liq. mild odor nonflamm. pH > 13 Toxicoiogy Strong caustic avoid contact with eyes and skin Eldorado FCA-810 [Eldorado]... 

Foams prepared from phenol—formaldehyde and urea—formaldehyde resins are the only commercial foams that are significantly affected by water (22). Polyurethane foams exhibit a deterioration of properties when subjected to a combination of light, moisture, and heat aging polyester-based foam shows much less hydrolytic stabUity than polyether-based foam (50,199). 

---